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Historical development of the parties phenomenon in Lebanon Types and features

التطور التاريخي للظاهرة الحزبية في لبنان أهم ملامحها و أنماطها

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 Publication date 2015
  fields political science
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Lebanon is characterized through history by political freedom and over vitality , and diversity of forces , parties and organizations which alters from extreme right into extreme left . All that made political status in Lebanon a unique one compared to other status in the Arab surrounding , from the view point of exclusivity coming out of parliamentary circumstances , sectarian diversity , increasing approaches towards moderation of political forces which were legalized in the form of parties throughout specific historical stages . Each sectarian entity has its party or parties , which is fortified by its sect facing the other party and the state sometimes . Sect limits the sect and party against a party . This research approaches , profoundly , the historical development of the parties phenomenon in Lebanon and stages of its emergence during the basic periods through which Lebanon have passed since the Ottoman epoch till the period of French occupation and then the period are discussed , in addition to the most important features of the partisan experience in Lebanon . The research came to that political regime has its great effect on parties , as each political regime originates parties which comply with its form . Political regime in Lebanon as it is considered a regime of individuals , families and sects , and the traditional feudal and financial system , it originated a parties system which is similar to it , very close to the sectarian texture of the Lebanon society , from the view point of consecutive election laws , or the law of societies and parties , and the law of administrative decentralization , and all do not contribute to the expansion of the parties work area , but on the contrary this leads to the generation and regeneration of traditional forces to the disadvantage of modern state institutions and parties are of them . Political fragmentation is unable to monopolize privileges and it bears seeds of imparity to its maximum limit, so that it transforms the mission of parties from organizing and controlling society's disputes and it pushes towards extreme imparity , and it confines political life in the sphere of instability and conflict.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة التطور التاريخي للظاهرة الحزبية في لبنان، وتستعرض مراحل نشأتها منذ العهد العثماني مروراً بالانتداب الفرنسي وصولاً إلى مرحلة الاستقلال وما بعدها. يبرز البحث أن النظام السياسي اللبناني، الذي يعتمد على الطائفية والإقطاع التقليدي، قد أثر بشكل كبير على تشكيل الأحزاب السياسية في البلاد. كل طائفة لها حزبها أو أحزابها، مما يعزز الانقسامات الطائفية ويضعف مؤسسات الدولة الحديثة. كما يشير البحث إلى أن الأحزاب اللبنانية لم تستطع تجاوز البنية الاجتماعية التقليدية، بل على العكس، عززتها. الأحزاب اللبنانية تعاني من ضعف الفكر والثقافة المؤسساتية، وتواجه تحديات كبيرة في ظل التدخلات الخارجية والبيئة الإقليمية والدولية الضاغطة. الدراسة تخلص إلى أن الأحزاب اللبنانية لم تنجح في تحقيق وظائفها المفترضة في التكامل والاندماج الوطني والتحديث السياسي والاجتماعي، وتبقى محكومة بواقعها الطائفي والمذهبي.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تتناول هذه الدراسة موضوعاً مهماً وحساساً في السياق اللبناني، وهو تطور الأحزاب السياسية وتأثير النظام الطائفي عليها. ومع ذلك، يمكن القول أن الدراسة قد أغفلت بعض الجوانب الحديثة للأحزاب اللبنانية، مثل دور وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في تشكيل الرأي العام والتأثير على الأحزاب. كما أن التركيز الكبير على التاريخ قد يجعل القارئ يشعر بأن الدراسة تفتقر إلى تحليل معمق للواقع الحالي والتحديات المعاصرة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تناولت تجارب دول أخرى في المنطقة وكيفية تعاملها مع التعددية الطائفية والسياسية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي المراحل التاريخية التي مرت بها الأحزاب السياسية في لبنان؟

    مرت الأحزاب السياسية في لبنان بعدة مراحل تاريخية، بدءاً من العهد العثماني، مروراً بالانتداب الفرنسي، ثم مرحلة الاستقلال وما قبل الحرب الأهلية، وخلال الحرب الأهلية وما بعدها.

  2. كيف أثر النظام السياسي اللبناني على تشكيل الأحزاب؟

    النظام السياسي اللبناني، الذي يعتمد على الطائفية والإقطاع التقليدي، أثر بشكل كبير على تشكيل الأحزاب السياسية، حيث لكل طائفة حزبها أو أحزابها، مما يعزز الانقسامات الطائفية ويضعف مؤسسات الدولة الحديثة.

  3. ما هي التحديات التي تواجه الأحزاب السياسية اللبنانية في الوقت الحالي؟

    تواجه الأحزاب السياسية اللبنانية تحديات كبيرة مثل ضعف الفكر والثقافة المؤسساتية، التدخلات الخارجية، البيئة الإقليمية والدولية الضاغطة، وعدم القدرة على تجاوز البنية الاجتماعية التقليدية.

  4. ما هي أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة بشأن الأحزاب اللبنانية؟

    خلصت الدراسة إلى أن الأحزاب اللبنانية لم تنجح في تحقيق وظائفها المفترضة في التكامل والاندماج الوطني والتحديث السياسي والاجتماعي، وتبقى محكومة بواقعها الطائفي والمذهبي.


References used
(Elkkazen farid,(1991):The communal pact of national Identities. The making and politics of the 1943 national pact... (Oxford: carter for Lebanese studies
Hark, Judith, (1994) The puplic and Social Services of the Lbanese Miltias. Oxford: center for Studies
Marius deeb, (1980), the Lebanese Civil War. (pp60-70).New York: praeger publishers
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