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Register a new userthe Genesis of Historical Writing Islamic Maghreb
نشأة التدوين التاريخي في المغرب الإسلامي
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محمد شكيران( باحث )
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يتناول البحث بدايات الكتابة التاريخية في بلاد المغرب العربي ، و يهدف إلى التعرف على خصائص التدوين التاريخي المغاربي من حيث تأخره عن الكتابات التاريخية المشرقية و مدى صلته و تأثره بها خاصةً أن الدراسات التي تناولت هذا الموضوع قليلة و ىمتفرقة ، و يعرض للمواضيع التي تعرض لها المؤرخين المغاربة ، ككتب السير الذاتية و التراجم و الطبقات و تاريخ الدول و كتب السير و المغازي و غير ذلك ، كما اعتنى البحث بثقافة المؤرخين و وضعهم الطبقي و مدى تأثرهم بالواقع الاجتماعي ، و بيان مناهجهم في الكتابة التاريخية و دوافعهم و مدى الموضوعية التي تمتعوا بها .
This research will focus on the beginning of historical writing in maghreb . itamis at getting knowledge of historical writing in Maghreb as being late compared with the eastern historical writing and the relation between them and its . influemce by it . Researches concerning this subject are few and extraneous . this research present the subjects studied by the Maghreb historians like biographies ' Revision of books bibliographies ; of countries biographies and invasions and others . the research will throw light their social status and their influence by the ،on authors education social situation . it will also throw light their concepts of historical their motives and their objectivity
References used
محمود اسماعيل : الفكر التاريخي في الغرب الإسلامي ، منشورات الزمان ، الرباط . 2000 ، ص 18
أبو العرب : طبقات علماء إفريقيّة ، دار الكتاب اللبناني ، بيروت ، دون تاريخ ، ص19 ، 16
ياقوت الحموي : معجم الأدباء ، تحقيق احسان عباس ، دار الغرب الإسلامي ، بيروت ، 1993 م ، ج 6 ، ص28,59
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There are many views on the question of the logic and mechanisms of historical
development of human society; visions and answers vary, to the extent of total conflict
sometimes, on other issues that relate organically to the first question, perhaps
the most
prominent of which is the general picture of the historical evolution diagram, Sequentially
spherical stages, as well as the question of the so-called nation or the multiple nations that
alternately lead the ship of the evolution of human society in general. This is where the
sharp contrast between the two theories of the so-called equal evolution and the unequal
historical evolution as a problem from which the research begins and ends with emphasis
on the credibility of the last thesis and on highlighting a large and dangerous part of the
ideological manipulation and blindness of the first thesis. The latter, which is one of the
moss serious thesis of European orientalism and the pervasive wooden understanding of the
original thought of Marxist origin.
قوى الإنتاج
علاقات الإنتاج
التطور التاريخي اللامتكافئ
التطور التاريخي المتكافئ
بلدان الأطراف
بلدان المراكز
المركزية الأوروبية المزعومة
المعجزة الرأسمالية المزعومة
The unequalhistorical evolution
The equalhistorical evolution
The countries of the peripheral
The countries of the central
The alleged European centralism
The production of forces
The relations of production
المزيد..
The aim of this research is to study the concept of history and evolution for
“IbnKhaldun” through a systematic illustration of the meaning of history. Therefore, we
present this research in order to reach the philosophy of history for “IbnKhaldun”
and to
highlight the importance of this philosopher as one of the founders of the philosophy of
history as his conception of history makes him close to contemporary philosophers.
This perception is crystallized to history on rejecting the “empiricalconcept”
radically. Therefore, we find that the history of “IbnKhaldun” is not a narrative of news,
but it is an explanation of eventsin which we can build it a new science.
The concept of progress that was crystallized in the eighteenth century has signs in
the introduction of IbnKhaldun in which he presented a methodology for studying history
in its interior movement and not in appearance. In addition, the problematic questions that
raised by “IbnKhaldun” opened horizons for knowledge and development such as:
What is the relationship between historical knowledge and historical writing? Is it
possible for history to be part of science?
This research also points to the errors of historians, which occur for many complex
reasons that might be psychological, social, political and cultural.
The errors also may happen because of a lack in knowledge about the laws of nature.
In this study, we have normalized and lemmatized an Old Literary Finnish corpus using a lemmatization model trained on texts from Agricola. We analyse the error types that occur and appear in different decades, and use word error rate (WER) and diffe
rent error types as a proxy for measuring linguistic innovation and change. We show that the proposed approach works, and the errors are connected to accumulating changes and innovations, which also results in a continuous decrease in the accuracy of the model. The described error types also guide further work in improving these models, and document the currently observed issues. We also have trained word embeddings for four centuries of lemmatized Old Literary Finnish, which are available on Zenodo.
Lebanon is characterized through history by political freedom and over vitality , and diversity of forces , parties and organizations which alters from extreme right into extreme left . All that made political status in Lebanon a unique one compared
to other status in the Arab surrounding , from the view point of exclusivity coming out of parliamentary circumstances , sectarian diversity , increasing approaches towards moderation of political forces which were legalized in the form of parties throughout specific historical stages .
Each sectarian entity has its party or parties , which is fortified by its sect facing the other party and the state sometimes . Sect limits the sect and party against a party .
This research approaches , profoundly , the historical development of the parties phenomenon in Lebanon and stages of its emergence during the basic periods through which Lebanon have passed since the Ottoman epoch till the period of French occupation and then the period are discussed , in addition to the most important features of the partisan experience in Lebanon . The research came to that political regime has its great effect on parties , as each political regime originates parties which comply with its form . Political regime in Lebanon as it is considered a regime of individuals , families and sects , and the traditional feudal and financial system , it originated a parties system which is similar to it , very close to the sectarian texture of the Lebanon society , from the view point of consecutive election laws , or the law of societies and parties , and the law of administrative decentralization , and all do not contribute to the expansion of the parties work area , but on the contrary this leads to the generation and regeneration of traditional forces to the disadvantage of modern state institutions and parties are of them .
Political fragmentation is unable to monopolize privileges and it bears seeds of imparity to its maximum limit, so that it transforms the mission of parties from organizing and controlling society's disputes and it pushes towards extreme imparity , and it confines political life in the sphere of instability and conflict.
Through research we'll explain the pillars of the agricultural
company and its components and types, we will look at the
relationship between the land owner's and the farmer, and the
most important problems that they had, we will try to explain
i
rregularities in the agricultural company's field and try to
circumvent the law to get rid of taxes, and we'll explain what are
the viewpoint of jurists towards agricultural companies? Are They
supported it or took a stand against it and considered contrary to
Islam?
We will discuss the most prominent results of the existence of this
agricultural system.
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