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\The effect of planting density on productivity and quality characters of maize (Zea mays var. Gouta 1)

تأثير الكثافة النباتية في بعض الصفات الإنتاجية و النوعية لصنف الذرة الصفراء غوطة 1

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 Publication date 2014
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The study was carried out at Abo Jarash farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, during the growing season of 2012, where the maize cultivar "Gouta 1" was grown in three agricultural spacings (20, 30 and 40 cm between plants in the same row), with a fixed space (70 cm) between rows, according to the randomized complete block design and three replicates per treatment, in order to study the effect of the studied agricultural spacing on the following characters: plant height, length and weight of ear, number of kernel rows per ear, number and weight of kernels per ear, net percentage, hundred kernels weight, the kernel yield, the dry yield and the oil and protein contents in the kernels. Results showed a significant decrease in plant height from 155.31 to 130.10 cm, while a significant increase was observed in number of kernels per ear (from 310.05 to 373.82 kernels), in weight of kernels per ear (from 41.20 to 65.17 g) and in net percentage (from 61.61 to 91.51 %), respectively with the increase of agricultural spacing from 20 to 40 cm. However, the increase in these characters didn’t substitute the small number of plants in the vast spacing compared with the narrow spacing, which is reflected in kernel yield per unit of area that amounted to 3.19 and 2.04 tons/ha, respectively.


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Research summary
تُقفت الدراسة في مزرعة أبي جرش في كلية الزراعة بجامعة دمشق خلال الموسم الزراعي 2012، حيث زرعت بذور صنف الذرة الصفراء غوطة -1 على ثلاث مسافات (20، 30، و40 سم بين النبات والآخر ضمن الخط) وعلى مسافة ثابتة (70 سم) بين الخط والآخر. هدفت الدراسة إلى دراسة تأثير المسافات الزراعية على صفات ارتفاع النبات، طول العرنوس ووزنه، عدد الصفوف في العرنوس، عدد الحبوب ووزنها في العرنوس، نسبة التصافي، وزن المائة حبة، الغلة الحبية، الغلة من المادة الجافة، ونسبة الزيت والبروتين في الحبوب. أظهرت النتائج تناقص ارتفاع النبات مع زيادة المسافة بين النباتات، بينما زاد وزن الحبوب في العرنوس وعدد الحبوب ونسبة التصافي مع زيادة المسافة. ومع ذلك، لم تعوض هذه الزيادة في الصفات المذكورة قلة عدد النباتات في المسافة الواسعة مقارنة بالمسافة الضيقة، مما انعكس على الغلة الحبية في وحدة المساحة. كانت نسبة البروتين الأعلى معنويًا عند الزراعة على مسافة 30 سم بين النباتات. توصي الدراسة بزراعة صنف غوطة 1 على مسافة 20 سم بين النباتات للحصول على أعلى غلة حبية وعلى مسافة 40 سم للحصول على عرانيس كبيرة الحجم.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تقدم الدراسة معلومات قيمة حول تأثير الكثافة النباتية على إنتاجية ونوعية صنف الذرة الصفراء غوطة 1. ومع ذلك، هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، كان من الممكن تضمين تحليل اقتصادي لتحديد الجدوى الاقتصادية للمسافات الزراعية المختلفة. ثانيًا، لم تتناول الدراسة تأثير العوامل البيئية الأخرى مثل التربة والمناخ على النتائج، مما قد يؤثر على تطبيق النتائج في مناطق أخرى. أخيرًا، كان من الممكن استخدام تقنيات تحليلية أكثر تقدمًا لتقديم نتائج أكثر دقة وتفصيلًا.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي المسافات الزراعية التي تم دراستها في البحث؟

    تم دراسة ثلاث مسافات زراعية بين النباتات: 20 سم، 30 سم، و40 سم بين النبات والآخر ضمن الخط، مع مسافة ثابتة 70 سم بين الخطوط.

  2. ما هي الصفات الإنتاجية والنوعية التي تم قياسها في الدراسة؟

    تم قياس صفات ارتفاع النبات، طول العرنوس ووزنه، عدد الصفوف في العرنوس، عدد الحبوب ووزنها في العرنوس، نسبة التصافي، وزن المائة حبة، الغلة الحبية، الغلة من المادة الجافة، ونسبة الزيت والبروتين في الحبوب.

  3. ما هي النتائج الرئيسية التي توصلت إليها الدراسة؟

    أظهرت النتائج تناقص ارتفاع النبات مع زيادة المسافة بين النباتات، وزيادة وزن الحبوب في العرنوس وعدد الحبوب ونسبة التصافي مع زيادة المسافة. ومع ذلك، لم تعوض هذه الزيادة قلة عدد النباتات في المسافة الواسعة، مما انعكس على الغلة الحبية في وحدة المساحة.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة بناءً على النتائج؟

    توصي الدراسة بزراعة صنف غوطة 1 على مسافة 20 سم بين النباتات للحصول على أعلى غلة حبية، وعلى مسافة 40 سم للحصول على عرانيس كبيرة الحجم.


References used
Acciares, H.A. and M. S. Zuluaga, 2006. Effect of plant row spacing and herbicide use on weed aboveground biomass and corn grain yield. Planta Daninha, 24 (2): 287 – 293
Akcin, A., B. Sade, M. Mulayin, A. Topal, and A. Tamkoc, 1994. Effect of different cycocel application dates and rates and different plant densities on grain yield components, crude protein and some morphological character of maize hybrid TTM-813. Doga, Turk Tarmve Ormacilsik Dergisi, 17:1097- 1111
El-Metwally, H. F., I. M. Abouziena, and E. R. El- Desoki, 2008. Effect of plant spacing and weed control treatments on maize yield and associated weed in sandy soils. American-Eurasian J. Agric. And Environ. Sci., 4 (1): 09-17
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