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دراسة الهامش التسويقي و الكفاءة التسويقية للتفاح
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يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة الهامش التسويقي و الكفاءة التسويقية للتفاح و تقديرهما، و ذلك من خلال دراسة الأسعار المزرعية و الوظائف التسويقية التي تؤدى على التفاح خلال المسلك التسويقي، و ذلك لما لهذه المواضيع من أهمية كبيرة في العملية التسويقية لأي منتج زراعي إذ يعد الهامش و الكفاءة التسويقية أهم المؤشرات على أداء العملية التسويقية. اعتمدت الدراسة في حصولها على البيانات اللازمة من خلال جولات دورية على أسواق التفاح في منطقة الدراسة و من خلال بيانات الاستبيان الذي أجري على عينة من المزارعين شملت 110 مزارعين في منطقة الدراسة. و تم تقدير كل من الهامش التسويقي و الكفاءة التسويقية كميًا بالاعتماد على المؤشرات المتبعة و التي تتناسب مع طبيعة البحث. و قد بينت الدراسة ارتفاع قيمة الهامش التسويقي، و انخفاض الكفاءة التسويقية، و كذلك بينت أهم الأسباب المؤدية إلى ذلك، و خرجت بأهم التوصيات التي تسهم في تحسين أداء الوظائف التسويقية و من ثم تحسين الكفاءة و الهامش التسويقي.
The research aims to estimate apple marketing margin and marketing efficiency, through the study of farm prices, and marketing functions of the apple throughout the whole marketing process, because of their great importance as indicators of the marketing process success. The data were collected from tow sources: the first is by frequent visits to apple markets in the study area, the second is by questionnaire that covered (110) apple farmers. The marketing margin and officiency were quantitively estimated based on the applied parameters wich are coinside, with the research nature. The research found that the apple marketing margin was very high, and the apple marketing efficiency was very low, and illustrated the causes of that. This investigation also showed the most important recommendations for the improvement the performance of the marketing functions, and enhancing the marketing margin and officiency.
References used
Khols, R. L. and Joseph N. Uhi, Marketing of agricultural products, 7th. Ed., Scott, Forsman and company, London, 1986
Ropert, G. Main features of Apple marketing in California, U.S.A., 1996
ياسين، محمود، مبادئ علم التسويق الزراعي، مطبعة خالد بن الوليد، دمشق، سورية، 1985.
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The study is based on the cost of milk and marketing margins in dairy
farms in Jordan and estimated cost function. This study is based on a cross
section data from 33 dairy farms. In the study it was determined that the cost of
raw milk production
in dairy farms is 0.43 JD/ Kg. and the most important cost
factors are feed cost, depreciation contributing 64%, 19%, respectively of total
production cost. It was found that marketing margins of milk were 77%,
econometric estimation of raw milk function using different forms showed that
the linear model is superior to the other forms. The elasticity of the estimated
cost function is found to be 0.20.
The research aimed at assessing marketing efficiency of dairy products in
Jordan and Syria, to assess the linear regression function. The results indicate
that the proportion of total marketing costs for Syrian milk products less than
1%, which is
less than the costs of marketing products of Jordan, which was
estimated at 5%. The marketing margin in Jordan and Syria profit. And
marketing efficiency index (95%, 99%) of Jordan and Syria, respectively,
which indicates the low cost of production and marketing in Syria than Jordan.
Simple regression function was estimated by the impact of marketing costs,
where the marketing costs of Syrian products same impact on production costs
in jordan, orientation towards the export of surplus products for the Syrian
market needs to Jordan, to take advantage of the exchange rate difference.
The research aims to estimate the marketing efficiency of rain-fed cumin crop in Malikya
area (Al-Hassaka governorate),this in order to reach the estimation of the total costs of marketing
functions, medium and marginal costs, and estimate the econ
omic volumes of marketed quantities
of cumin. This study main problem lies in the search for high marketing costs of latency. Find
carried out based on cross-sectional data, that were collected from a random sample of some cumin
farmers and traders in Malikya area (88 farmers from 24 villages, and 12 trader cumin), And
adopted in the implementation of research analysis method rebound with a single equation, to
explain the relationship between marketed quantities of cumin as an independent variable, and the
value of its marketing costs as the dependent variable. Results of the analysis showed that the value
of the coefficient of determination (R Square) amounted to 0.841, and this means that the quantity
of marketed cumin explain 84.1% of the changes in the marketing costs of cumin, The results of
econometric analysis also showed the presence of deviations between marketed quantities of
cumin, and the size of optimal marketed quantities due to higher overall marketing costs, medium
costs, and marginal costs for the quantities marketed, means increased current cost of marketing for
one kilogram of cumin, from those achieved for marketing efficient g by (2.1) SP / kg,
furthermore, the application results of equations, measuring marketing efficiency (which relied on
total production costs, the current cost of marketing the crop cumin, and the selling price per
kilogram of it) showed that, the value of marketing efficiency amounted to about 88.29% and
50.53% depending on the indices marketing efficiency (equations 1 and 2 ) respectively , While the
value of marketing efficiency (which relied on total production costs, and the optimum marking
cost of the cumin, and the selling price per kilogram of it), about 90.54% and 52.73% depending on
the indices marketing efficiency (equations 1 and 2), respectively, The research found a set of
recommendations, such as establishing a marketing institution that oversees the operations of sale
and marketing of medicinal and aromatic plants Group, and market surveillance in order to prevent
monopoly, and improve the performance of marketing functions that traders provide when
marketing of medicinal and aromatic products that, in order to reduce the costs of marketing, and
delivery to consumers at the best prices.
The goal of this research which we intend to study passages of poems from the
Experience of the Umayyad margin(Alsaealik), by describing the section of the poetic
formation that dominated poems in that era, and the intention of studying the predict
ed
connotations is to get the structure of those opening sections or it's shrinking, this
liberation was not only form wise. But it also indicated liberation in one way or another,
from the culture of society established by the proof of primacy in general, because the
overlooking speech, and Attributes, encodings, functions and symbols are expressed
through the unique individual experience from moral cases for the groups.
Therefor the new direction that was taken by the poetic sections in the Experience of
the Umayyad margin, was an artistic and cultural reaction from the pioneers of that
experience of what was happening, and it was meant to last, so they intended to rip live out
of the frozen templates of expression that was ruled by tradition in the inherited poem, so
that poetry become a form of life, starting from the present not the past which is connected
to the collective memory, and Rooted in those beginnings, but still, what was left from the
opening scenery in some section of the that experience is an image of what is left of the
whole culture of the Umayyad society in General.
Apple plays a substantial role in both income generation and job
creation has shown an increase in export volume. Therefore ,
a study was conducted in the Governorate of Homs on apple ,
( 16 ) Villages that are well known for the growing of apple
fruits
were chosen by random sample method through season
2012 – 2013 for Study of economic indicators of irrigated and
rain fed apple in Governorate of Homs.
Study used Agricultural policy analysis matrix to define the impact
of economic policies applied on the farm budget of apple , to this
end the criteria of nominal and actual protection , profitability , and
farmers subsidies were used , and the criteria that measures the
comparative advantage is domestic resources cost .
The conclusions of the study reveal as follow :
- For fresh irrigated apple in governorate of Homs : production of
apple are feasible under private and social conditions , the value
of social revenues is greater than the value of private revenues
this means the government is taxing producers , there is finance
support by the government for this product , the effect of all
policies on prices of inputs and outputs are advantage of
producers , and there is comparative advantage to product fresh
irrigated apple in governorate of Homs because Domestic
Resource Cost ( DRC = 0.91 ) was less than one .
- For fresh rain fed apple in governorate of Homs : production of
apple are feasible under private and social conditions , there is
finance support by the government for this product , the
government is taxing domestic resources , the effect of all policies
on prices of inputs and outputs are advantage of producers , and
there is comparative advantage to product fresh rain fed apple in
governorate of Homs .
Finally , we showed appropriate recommendations to improve
Domestic Resources Cost and thus improve the Relative
advantage and competitiveness of irrigated and rain fed apple ,
whereat it included ways for the improvement of the Relative
advantage and competitiveness during the production process and internal and external marketing .
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