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Effect of Mineral Fertilization Rates and Method of Superphosphate Application on Some Growth and Fruits Indicators of the Grapevine Cultivar, Al-Helwani

تأثير معدلات التسميد المعدني و طريقة إضافة الفوسفات I - في بعض مؤشرات النمو و مواصفات ثمار العنب الحلواني

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 Publication date 2010
  fields Groves
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The research experiment was carried out during the 2007, 2008 and 2009, seasons on grape variety Al- Helawani (10 years old) to study the effect of N.P.K. fertilization rates and the triple superphosphate (T.S.P) application method on some fruits characters and growth indicators. Three fertilization N.P.K rates were used, rate 1 (75:25:50) kg/ ha, twofold and fourfold of rate 1, in three replicates in addition to control. The application of (T.S.P) was on soil surface and at 30 cm depth, the percent of leaf area, shoot length, the degree of berry colour, berry firmness were calculated. The results showed a significant increase of leaf area, shoot length and the Berry colour compared to control. The third rate was the best for increasing the leaf area and shoot length, while the first and second rates were increased the colour of Berry. At the same time, there was a gradual significant decrease in Berry firmness compared to control when the rate of fertilizer was increased. It was also noted a significant increase in leaf area (11%) and shoot length (4.5%) in deep T.S.P application compared to the surface application.


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Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة تأثير معدلات التسميد المعدني وطريقة تطبيق السوبرفوسفات الثلاثي على بعض مؤشرات النمو والثمار لعنب صنف الحلواني. أجريت التجربة خلال مواسم 2007، 2008، و2009 على كروم عنب عمرها 10 سنوات. تم استخدام ثلاث معدلات تسميد N.P.K (75:25:50) كجم/هكتار، ومضاعفاتها مرتين وأربع مرات، بالإضافة إلى مجموعة ضابطة. تم تطبيق السوبرفوسفات الثلاثي على سطح التربة وعلى عمق 30 سم. تم قياس نسبة مساحة الأوراق، طول الفروع، درجة لون الثمار، وصلابة الثمار. أظهرت النتائج زيادة ملحوظة في مساحة الأوراق وطول الفروع ولون الثمار مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة. كان المعدل الثالث هو الأفضل لزيادة مساحة الأوراق وطول الفروع، بينما زادت المعدلات الأول والثاني من لون الثمار. في الوقت نفسه، كان هناك انخفاض تدريجي ملحوظ في صلابة الثمار مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة عند زيادة معدل السماد. كما لوحظ زيادة ملحوظة في مساحة الأوراق (11%) وطول الفروع (4.5%) عند تطبيق السوبرفوسفات الثلاثي بعمق مقارنة بالتطبيق السطحي.
Critical review
تعد هذه الدراسة مهمة لفهم تأثير التسميد المعدني على نمو وثمار العنب، إلا أن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، كان من الأفضل تضمين تحليل اقتصادي لتكاليف التسميد مقابل الفوائد المحققة من زيادة الإنتاجية. ثانياً، لم تتناول الدراسة تأثير التسميد على جودة الثمار من حيث الطعم والقيمة الغذائية، وهو جانب مهم للمزارعين والمستهلكين. ثالثاً، كان من الممكن توسيع نطاق الدراسة لتشمل أنواع أخرى من العنب أو حتى محاصيل أخرى، مما يزيد من تعميم النتائج. أخيراً، كان من المفيد تضمين توصيات عملية للمزارعين بناءً على النتائج، مما يعزز من تطبيق هذه النتائج في الواقع العملي.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي معدلات التسميد N.P.K المستخدمة في الدراسة؟

    تم استخدام ثلاث معدلات تسميد N.P.K (75:25:50) كجم/هكتار، ومضاعفاتها مرتين وأربع مرات، بالإضافة إلى مجموعة ضابطة.

  2. ما هي الطريقة التي تم بها تطبيق السوبرفوسفات الثلاثي؟

    تم تطبيق السوبرفوسفات الثلاثي على سطح التربة وعلى عمق 30 سم.

  3. ما هي المؤشرات التي تم قياسها في الدراسة؟

    تم قياس نسبة مساحة الأوراق، طول الفروع، درجة لون الثمار، وصلابة الثمار.

  4. ما هي أفضل معدلات التسميد لزيادة مساحة الأوراق وطول الفروع؟

    كان المعدل الثالث هو الأفضل لزيادة مساحة الأوراق وطول الفروع.


References used
Abou Nuqta F. (1995). Enviromental Impact of Fertilizeres Use in Syria Proc. seminar production and Use of chemical fertilizers and environment, Al Foully (red) NRC. Cairo. рр 35-50
Antep, S, (1997). Evaluation of some chemical method of soil nitrogen availability based on 15 nitrogen technique. Commun. Soil.Sci. plant. anal .Vol, 28 .PP. 537-550
Aroutunian, A. C. (1965). Vineyard fertilization. Kolos, Moscow. (In Russ). P. 462
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The research experiment was carried out during the 2007, 2008 and 2009 seasons on grape variety Al- Helwani (10 years old) to study the effect of NPK fertilization rates and the triple superphosphate (T.S.P) application method on some fruits chara cters.Three fertilization NPK rates were used, rate 1 (75:25:50) kg/ ha, twofold and fourfold of rate 1, in three replicates in addition to control. The application of (T.S.P) was on soil surface and at 30 cm depth. The results showed significant increase of the total soluble solids (TSS), pH and vitamin C compared to control. while the content of TSS in juice increased by 40.9%, 44.6%, 50.3% in the three rates, respectively, compared to control, pH increased from 5.45 in control to 5.92; 5.89; 5.73 in the three rates, respectively, in turn, significant decrease in total acidity (TA) was noted by 15.3, 11.1 and 42.8%, in the three rates, respectively, compared to control. ASignificant increase of (TSS) by 2.5% and vitamin C by 10 % in deep T.S.P application compared to the surface application, on the other hand, (TA) decreased significantly by 4.2%, while, there was no significant differences in pH, in both treatments.
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