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Genetic behavior for some quantitative traits in a hybrid of durum wheat

سلوك الوراثي لبعض الصفات الكمية في هجين من القمح القاسي

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 Publication date 2014
  fields Field Crops
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This study was carried out at Karahta station, Department of Field Ccrops researches, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches (GCSAR), Damascus Country Side, Syria during the 2009-2010and 2010-2011 growing seasons to estimate gene action for grain yield and its components. Seeds of the durum wheat hybrid (Sham5 X Azgar1) were grown in three replicates. Results indicated that the used genotypes had good variation to be used as parents in wheat hybridization program to achieve significant genetic advance. Mean square results showed significant differences among mean values of the five populations for all studied traits in the hybrid and in most traits, epistasis or dominance gene action occupied the first rank to the genetic effects. It was suggested that selection for most studied traits in the subsequent generations is relatively more effective than in early generations.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة السلوك الوراثي لبعض الصفات الكمية في هجين من القمح القاسي، حيث أُجريت التجارب في محطة بحوث قرحتا التابعة للهيئة العامة للبحوث العلمية الزراعية في ريف دمشق خلال الموسمين الزراعيين 2009-2010 و2010-2011. الهدف من الدراسة هو تقدير الفعل الوراثي لإنتاجية الحبوب ومكوناتها. أظهرت النتائج وجود تباين وراثي كافٍ بين الطرز الأبوية المستخدمة، مما يؤهلها للدخول في برامج التهجين لتحقيق تقدم وراثي ملموس. بينت نتائج تحليل التباين وجود فروق معنوية بين العشائر المدروسة، وأشارت إلى أن الفعل الوراثي السيادي كان له الدور الأبرز في التحكم بالصفات المدروسة. كما أوضحت الدراسة أن الانتخاب في الأجيال المتأخرة يكون أكثر فعالية من الانتخاب في الأجيال المبكرة.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة مهمة في مجال تحسين إنتاجية القمح القاسي، إلا أنها تفتقر إلى بعض التفاصيل حول الظروف البيئية التي قد تؤثر على النتائج. كما أن الاعتماد الكبير على الفعل الوراثي السيادي قد يكون محدودًا في تطبيقات عملية أخرى. من الجيد أن يتم تضمين دراسات مقارنة مع أنواع أخرى من القمح أو محاصيل أخرى لتحسين فهم النتائج وتطبيقاتها.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هو الهدف الرئيسي من الدراسة؟

    الهدف الرئيسي هو تقدير الفعل الوراثي لإنتاجية الحبوب ومكوناتها في هجين من القمح القاسي.

  2. أين أُجريت الدراسة؟

    أُجريت الدراسة في محطة بحوث قرحتا التابعة للهيئة العامة للبحوث العلمية الزراعية في ريف دمشق، سوريا.

  3. ما هي النتائج الرئيسية التي توصلت إليها الدراسة؟

    أظهرت النتائج وجود تباين وراثي كافٍ بين الطرز الأبوية، وأن الفعل الوراثي السيادي كان له الدور الأبرز في التحكم بالصفات المدروسة، وأن الانتخاب في الأجيال المتأخرة يكون أكثر فعالية.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة؟

    أوصت الدراسة بأن يكون الانتخاب في الأجيال المتأخرة أكثر فعالية من الانتخاب في الأجيال المبكرة لتحسين الصفات المدروسة.


References used
Adams, M. W. 1967. Basis of yield components compensation in crop plants. Crop Sci. 7:505-510
Bnejdi, F. and M. EL-gazzah. 2010. Epistasis and genotype-by-environment interaction of grain yield related traits in durum wheat. J. Plant Breeding and Crop Sci. 2(2):024-029
Donald, C. and M., J. Hamblin. 1976. The biological yield and harvest index of cereals as agronomic and plant breeding criteria. Adv. Agro. 78: 361-405
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This study was carried out at Karahta station of field crops research department General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus Syria during the 2009 -2010 and 2010 -2011 growing seasons to estimate gene action, p otency ratios, heterosis and Inbreeding depressions. Five population seeds of two single hybrids (Cham-5 × Azeghar-1), (Bohoth-5 × Gidara-2) were formed by crossing of four inbred lines. The crosses were subjected to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in order to evaluate plant height (PH), number of grains per spike (GRSP), flag leaf area (FLA), thousand kernel weight (TKY) and grain (p<0.05) yield per plant (GYP). Mean square results showed significant differences among mean values of the five populations for all studied traits in all crosses. Significant heterosis values compared to mid and better parent were observed for all traits with exception of (PH) (5.82, 1.62)%, (GRSP) (27.49 9.66)% and(TKY) (3.05 7.53)% for Cross-1. (GYP) (82.46, 96.63)% for Cross- 2. (GRSP) (9.09 5.14)%. The potency ratios exceeded (+1) in all traits and crosses except (PH) (-2.23) for Cross-2. Indicating that over-dominance towards low placement. The results indicated that Inbreeding depression values were significant for all traits in Cross-1 except for (GRSP) (10.33), and (TKY) (15.23). While its values were non- significant for all traits inCross-2except (GRSP) (25.46*). In most traits epestasis or dominant gene action occupied the first rank in controlling these traits in both crosses. It could be suggested that selection for most studied traits in the subsequent generations will be relatively more effective than in early generations.
Succes of a breeding program depends, to a great extent, on understanding the gentic behavior of the traits. This investigation was conducted to study and examine the inheritance of some economically important characters such as: total bolls numbe r, actual bolls number, ginning percentage , boll weight, harvest index, flowering earliness, maturity earliness, plant height,and fiber fineness.
Five populations of faba bean were advanced from F2 to F3 generations by simple recurrent selection at Terbol research station, International Centre for Agricultural Research in The Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon. During the growing season summer 201 3. The produced genotypes of selection were evaluated in winter 2013-2014 in order to estimate the narrow-sense heritability and genetic advance for seed yield, plant height, pods per plant and 100-seeds weight traits. The results showed that S2012-085 population was superior in heritability for seed yield (0.5), 100-seed weight (0.5) and pods per plant (0.5), while the population S2012-133 was recorded the supreme value for plant height (0.858). The results demonstrate that genetic advance for seed yield trait was varied from 53% to 72.4%, and the highest value of genetic advance for seed yield was belonged to the population S2012-018 (72.4%). Most of traits under research were recorded a moderate values of narrow sense heritability accompanied with high values of genetic advance, indicating to the importance of additive genetic variances related to the total genetic variances, Consequently, recurrent selection is very important to apply in order to improve the traits across segregated generations of faba bean.
This study was carried out through the cooperation between Faculty of Agricultural Damascus University and General Commission of Agricultural Scientific Researches in Karahta station of field crops researches during 2010- 2011 and 2011-2012 succes sive seasons. Four hybrids of durum wheat namely (Duma1*Sauady), (Buhuth9*Q88), (Sham7*Q130) and (Horaney*Q131) were evaluated to estimate heritability, genetic advance, heterosis and inbreeding depression for days to heading ,grain filing period, plant height, number of spikes per plant, and number of grains per plant. The mean average for all these traits revealed highly significant differences among crosses. Low in protein content trait (23-69%), medium in grain yield per plant (38-70) and high heritability in thousand kernel weight (62-81%) were found. All hybrids showed the highest for both mid and better parents heterosis for protein content and gluten traits. High heritability was accompanied by high genetic advance for thousand kernel weight. Low heritability was coupled with low genetic advance for grain yield per plant, protein content and gluten. However, greater magnitude of heritability coupled with higher genetic advance in some traits provided that these parameters were under the control of additive genetic effects. This indicates that selection should lead to fast genetic improvement of the material. Moreover, the high genetic correlations for most of the traits, suggested a strong inherent association among these traits at the genetic level. Thus these traits deserve better attention in future breeding programs for evolving better wheat in stress environments.
A half diallel set of crosses among six highly diverse barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes were evaluated at Karahta station of field crops research (GCSAR) Damascus Governorate, during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 seasons to study heterosis and comb ining ability components for plant height, grain yield per plant, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike and thousand kernel weight.
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