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Register a new userGenetic behavior for some quantitative traits in a hybrid of durum wheat
سلوك الوراثي لبعض الصفات الكمية في هجين من القمح القاسي
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2014
fields
Field Crops
and research's language is
العربية
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Shamra Editor
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أُجريت الدراسة في محطة بحوث قرحتا التابعة للهيئة العامة للبحوث العلمية الزراعيـة (GCSAR) في ريف دمشق خلال الموسمين الزراعيين 2009-2010 و 2010-2011 بهدف دراسة طبيعـة الفعـل الوراثي للغلة الحبية و مكوناتها. زرعت التجربة في ثلاثة مكررات.استخدم فيها هجين من القمح القاسـي هو: شام5×أزغار1 .أظهرت مقارنة متوسطات الصفات المدروسة للطرز الأبوية المستخدمة في برنـامج التهجين امتلاكها قدراً كافياً من التباين في معظم الصفات المدروسة، ما يؤهلهـا للـدخول فـي بـرامج التهجين و العمل عبر انعزالات الهجين الفردي الناتج عنها بغية إحراز تقدم وراثـي ملمـوس فـي تلـك الصفات. و بينت نتائج تحليل التباين وجود فروق معنوية بين عشائر الهجين لكل الـصفات المدروسـة. و حقق الفعل الوراثي التفوقي من النمط سيادي× سيادي (l) القيمة الأعلى في الهجين من حيث الأهميـة في التحكم بوراثة الصفات المدروسة كافة. و استنتج بأن الانتخاب في الأجيال المتأخرة لأغلـب الـصفات المدروسة يكون أكثر فعاليةً من الانتخاب في الأجيال المبكرة.
This study was carried out at Karahta station, Department of Field Ccrops researches, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches (GCSAR), Damascus Country Side, Syria during the 2009-2010and 2010-2011 growing seasons to estimate gene action for grain yield and its components. Seeds of the durum wheat hybrid (Sham5 X Azgar1) were grown in three replicates. Results indicated that the used genotypes had good variation to be used as parents in wheat hybridization program to achieve significant genetic advance. Mean square results showed significant differences among mean values of the five populations for all studied traits in the hybrid and in most traits, epistasis or dominance gene action occupied the first rank to the genetic effects. It was suggested that selection for most studied traits in the subsequent generations is relatively more effective than in early generations.
References used
Adams, M. W. 1967. Basis of yield components compensation in crop plants. Crop Sci. 7:505-510
Bnejdi, F. and M. EL-gazzah. 2010. Epistasis and genotype-by-environment interaction of grain yield related traits in durum wheat. J. Plant Breeding and Crop Sci. 2(2):024-029
Donald, C. and M., J. Hamblin. 1976. The biological yield and harvest index of cereals as agronomic and plant breeding criteria. Adv. Agro. 78: 361-405
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This study was carried out at Karahta station of field crops research
department General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches
(G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus Syria during the 2009 -2010 and 2010 -2011 growing
seasons to estimate gene action, p
otency ratios, heterosis and Inbreeding
depressions. Five population seeds of two single hybrids (Cham-5 × Azeghar-1),
(Bohoth-5 × Gidara-2) were formed by crossing of four inbred lines. The
crosses were subjected to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with
three replications in order to evaluate plant height (PH), number of grains per
spike (GRSP), flag leaf area (FLA), thousand kernel weight (TKY) and grain
(p<0.05) yield per plant (GYP). Mean square results showed significant
differences among mean values of the five populations for all studied traits in
all crosses. Significant heterosis values compared to mid and better parent were
observed for all traits with exception of (PH) (5.82, 1.62)%, (GRSP) (27.49
9.66)% and(TKY) (3.05 7.53)% for Cross-1. (GYP) (82.46, 96.63)% for Cross-
2. (GRSP) (9.09 5.14)%. The potency ratios exceeded (+1) in all traits and
crosses except (PH) (-2.23) for Cross-2. Indicating that over-dominance
towards low placement. The results indicated that Inbreeding depression values
were significant for all traits in Cross-1 except for (GRSP) (10.33), and (TKY)
(15.23). While its values were non- significant for all traits inCross-2except
(GRSP) (25.46*). In most traits epestasis or dominant gene action occupied the
first rank in controlling these traits in both crosses. It could be suggested that
selection for most studied traits in the subsequent generations will be relatively
more effective than in early generations.
Succes of a breeding program depends, to a great extent, on understanding
the gentic behavior of the traits. This investigation was conducted to study and
examine the inheritance of some economically important characters such as:
total bolls numbe
r, actual bolls number, ginning percentage , boll weight,
harvest index, flowering earliness, maturity earliness, plant height,and fiber
fineness.
Five populations of faba bean were advanced from F2 to F3 generations by simple
recurrent selection at Terbol research station, International Centre for Agricultural
Research in The Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon. During the growing season summer
201
3. The produced genotypes of selection were evaluated in winter 2013-2014 in order to
estimate the narrow-sense heritability and genetic advance for seed yield, plant height,
pods per plant and 100-seeds weight traits. The results showed that S2012-085 population
was superior in heritability for seed yield (0.5), 100-seed weight (0.5) and pods per plant
(0.5), while the population S2012-133 was recorded the supreme value for plant height
(0.858). The results demonstrate that genetic advance for seed yield trait was varied from
53% to 72.4%, and the highest value of genetic advance for seed yield was belonged to the
population S2012-018 (72.4%). Most of traits under research were recorded a moderate
values of narrow sense heritability accompanied with high values of genetic advance,
indicating to the importance of additive genetic variances related to the total genetic
variances, Consequently, recurrent selection is very important to apply in order to improve
the traits across segregated generations of faba bean.
This study was carried out through the cooperation between Faculty of
Agricultural Damascus University and General Commission of Agricultural
Scientific Researches in Karahta station of field crops researches during 2010-
2011 and 2011-2012 succes
sive seasons. Four hybrids of durum wheat namely
(Duma1*Sauady), (Buhuth9*Q88), (Sham7*Q130) and (Horaney*Q131) were
evaluated to estimate heritability, genetic advance, heterosis and inbreeding
depression for days to heading ,grain filing period, plant height, number of
spikes per plant, and number of grains per plant. The mean average for all
these traits revealed highly significant differences among crosses. Low in
protein content trait (23-69%), medium in grain yield per plant (38-70) and
high heritability in thousand kernel weight (62-81%) were found. All hybrids
showed the highest for both mid and better parents heterosis for protein
content and gluten traits. High heritability was accompanied by high genetic
advance for thousand kernel weight. Low heritability was coupled with low
genetic advance for grain yield per plant, protein content and gluten. However,
greater magnitude of heritability coupled with higher genetic advance in some
traits provided that these parameters were under the control of additive genetic
effects. This indicates that selection should lead to fast genetic improvement of
the material. Moreover, the high genetic correlations for most of the traits,
suggested a strong inherent association among these traits at the genetic level.
Thus these traits deserve better attention in future breeding programs for
evolving better wheat in stress environments.
A half diallel set of crosses among six highly diverse barley (Hordeum
vulgare L.) genotypes were evaluated at Karahta station of field crops research
(GCSAR) Damascus Governorate, during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 seasons to
study heterosis and comb
ining ability components for plant height, grain yield
per plant, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike and
thousand kernel weight.
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