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Inheritance of some quantitative characters in durum wheat

السلوك الوراثي لبعض صفات إنتاجية لدى هجينين من القمح القاسي

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 Publication date 2013
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This study was carried out at Karahta station of field crops research department General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus Syria during the 2009 -2010 and 2010 -2011 growing seasons to estimate gene action, potency ratios, heterosis and Inbreeding depressions. Five population seeds of two single hybrids (Cham-5 × Azeghar-1), (Bohoth-5 × Gidara-2) were formed by crossing of four inbred lines. The crosses were subjected to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in order to evaluate plant height (PH), number of grains per spike (GRSP), flag leaf area (FLA), thousand kernel weight (TKY) and grain (p<0.05) yield per plant (GYP). Mean square results showed significant differences among mean values of the five populations for all studied traits in all crosses. Significant heterosis values compared to mid and better parent were observed for all traits with exception of (PH) (5.82, 1.62)%, (GRSP) (27.49 9.66)% and(TKY) (3.05 7.53)% for Cross-1. (GYP) (82.46, 96.63)% for Cross- 2. (GRSP) (9.09 5.14)%. The potency ratios exceeded (+1) in all traits and crosses except (PH) (-2.23) for Cross-2. Indicating that over-dominance towards low placement. The results indicated that Inbreeding depression values were significant for all traits in Cross-1 except for (GRSP) (10.33), and (TKY) (15.23). While its values were non- significant for all traits inCross-2except (GRSP) (25.46*). In most traits epestasis or dominant gene action occupied the first rank in controlling these traits in both crosses. It could be suggested that selection for most studied traits in the subsequent generations will be relatively more effective than in early generations.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة السلوك الوراثي لبعض الصفات الإنتاجية في هجينين من القمح القاسي، حيث أُجريت التجارب في محطة بحوث قرحتا التابعة للهيئة العامة للبحوث العلمية الزراعية في دمشق، سوريا خلال الموسمين الزراعيين 2009-2010 و2010-2011. هدفت الدراسة إلى تقدير الفعل الوراثي، درجة السيادة، قوة الهجين، والتدهور الناتج عن التربية الداخلية. تم استخدام خمسة عشائر من هجينين فرديين (شام-5 × أزغار-1) و(بحوث-5 × جدارة-2) نتجت عن تهجين أربعة آباء. تم تقييم الصفات التالية: ارتفاع النبات (PH)، عدد الحبوب في السنبلة (GRSP)، مساحة ورقة العلم (FLA)، وزن الألف حبة (TKY)، والغلة الحبية (GYP). أظهرت النتائج فروقًا معنوية بين العشائر لكل الصفات المدروسة، وكانت قيم قوة الهجين موجبة ومعنوية باستثناء بعض الصفات في الهجين الأول والثاني. أشارت النتائج إلى أن الفعل الوراثي السيادي كان له الدور الأكبر في التحكم بالصفات المدروسة، مما يدل على أن الانتخاب في الأجيال المتأخرة سيكون أكثر فعالية لتحسين الصفات الإنتاجية للقمح القاسي.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: الدراسة قدمت معلومات قيمة حول السلوك الوراثي للصفات الإنتاجية في القمح القاسي، ولكن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، كان من الأفضل توسيع نطاق الدراسة ليشمل مواسم زراعية إضافية لضمان دقة النتائج وتعميمها. ثانياً، لم تتناول الدراسة تأثير العوامل البيئية بشكل كافٍ، وهو عامل مهم يمكن أن يؤثر على النتائج. ثالثاً، كان من الممكن استخدام تقنيات تحليل وراثي أكثر تطوراً للحصول على نتائج أكثر دقة. وأخيراً، كان من المفيد تضمين توصيات عملية للمزارعين بناءً على النتائج المستخلصة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الأهداف الرئيسية للدراسة؟

    هدفت الدراسة إلى تقدير الفعل الوراثي، درجة السيادة، قوة الهجين، والتدهور الناتج عن التربية الداخلية في هجينين من القمح القاسي.

  2. ما هي الصفات الإنتاجية التي تم تقييمها في الدراسة؟

    تم تقييم الصفات التالية: ارتفاع النبات (PH)، عدد الحبوب في السنبلة (GRSP)، مساحة ورقة العلم (FLA)، وزن الألف حبة (TKY)، والغلة الحبية (GYP).

  3. ما هي النتائج الرئيسية المتعلقة بقوة الهجين؟

    أظهرت النتائج أن قيم قوة الهجين كانت موجبة ومعنوية باستثناء بعض الصفات في الهجين الأول والثاني، مما يدل على أن الانتخاب في الأجيال المتأخرة سيكون أكثر فعالية لتحسين الصفات الإنتاجية.

  4. ما هو الدور الذي يلعبه الفعل الوراثي السيادي في الدراسة؟

    أشارت النتائج إلى أن الفعل الوراثي السيادي كان له الدور الأكبر في التحكم بالصفات المدروسة، مما يؤكد أهمية الانتخاب في الأجيال المتأخرة لتحسين الصفات الإنتاجية.


References used
Adams, M. W. 1967. Basis of yield components compensation in crop plants. Crop Sci. 7:505-510
Bnejdi, F. and M. EL-gazzah. 2010.Epistasis and genotype-by-environment interaction of grain yield related traits in durum wheat. J. Plant Breeding and Crop Sci., 2(2):024-029
Donald, C. M. and J. Hamblin. 1976. The biological yield and harvest index of cereals as agronomic and plant breeding criteria. Adv. Agro., 78: 361-405
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This study was carried out at Karahta station, Department of Field Ccrops researches, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches (GCSAR), Damascus Country Side, Syria during the 2009-2010and 2010-2011 growing seasons to estimate gene action for grain yield and its components. Seeds of the durum wheat hybrid (Sham5 X Azgar1) were grown in three replicates. Results indicated that the used genotypes had good variation to be used as parents in wheat hybridization program to achieve significant genetic advance. Mean square results showed significant differences among mean values of the five populations for all studied traits in the hybrid and in most traits, epistasis or dominance gene action occupied the first rank to the genetic effects. It was suggested that selection for most studied traits in the subsequent generations is relatively more effective than in early generations.
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This study was carried out at Karahta Station of Field Crop Research, General Commission of Agricultural Scientific Researches during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 cropping seasons in order to determine the phenotypic correlation coefficient between the traits and the path coefficients analysis for the most affected traits in grain yield.
This research was conducted to determine the most responsive phenological stage for supplementary irrigation of the durum wheat in a primary stationary region. It consisted of six different water treatments in addition to control (non irrigated) : 1-From planting to seedling emergence; 2-From planting to tillering; 3-From planting to booting; 4-From planting to flowering; 5-From planting to the end of the milk stage; 6–Sowing irrigation and irrigation according to necessity throughout the milk stage. The study has been repeated in four blocks for three seasons from 2002 to 2005. The results of the first two seasons showed that the: The treatment from planting to booting, was canceled because of the rain and soil dampness during this growth period. A significant increase in production, water use efficiency, and one 1000 kernel weight, of both 5th and 6th treatments was noticed in comparison with other treatments and the control. Results of the three seasons were varied due to the environmental variation in temperature and amount of rainfall.
This study was carried out through the cooperation between Faculty of Agricultural Damascus University and General Commission of Agricultural Scientific Researches in Karahta station of field crops researches during 2010- 2011 and 2011-2012 succes sive seasons. Four hybrids of durum wheat namely (Duma1*Sauady), (Buhuth9*Q88), (Sham7*Q130) and (Horaney*Q131) were evaluated to estimate heritability, genetic advance, heterosis and inbreeding depression for days to heading ,grain filing period, plant height, number of spikes per plant, and number of grains per plant. The mean average for all these traits revealed highly significant differences among crosses. Low in protein content trait (23-69%), medium in grain yield per plant (38-70) and high heritability in thousand kernel weight (62-81%) were found. All hybrids showed the highest for both mid and better parents heterosis for protein content and gluten traits. High heritability was accompanied by high genetic advance for thousand kernel weight. Low heritability was coupled with low genetic advance for grain yield per plant, protein content and gluten. However, greater magnitude of heritability coupled with higher genetic advance in some traits provided that these parameters were under the control of additive genetic effects. This indicates that selection should lead to fast genetic improvement of the material. Moreover, the high genetic correlations for most of the traits, suggested a strong inherent association among these traits at the genetic level. Thus these traits deserve better attention in future breeding programs for evolving better wheat in stress environments.
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