Some biological parameters of the parasitoid, Encyrtus aurantii (Geoffroy)
(Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae) were studied under controlled laboratory conditions at five
levels of temperature 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 °C, 65±5% R.H. and a photoperiod of 16:8
(L:D) h when reared on Brown soft scale Coccus hesperidum L. (Homoptera: Coccidae)
reared on Pumpkin Cucurbita moschata during the season 2010- 2011 . Result showed that
the longer developmental period from egg to pupa was on 18 °C with an average of 24.25
days, and the lower developmental period was on 30°C with an average of 8.25 days. The
longer developmental period from pupa to adult was on 18 °C with an average of 10.75
days, and the lower period was on 30 °C with an average of 5.5 days. The lower
developmental threshold (LDT) from egg to pupa was 15.83°C, and 14.34°C from pupa to
adult. E. aurantii required a Sum of Effective Temperatures (SET) of 122.74 degree-days
above the lower developmental threshold (16.95 °C) to complete the development from
egg to adult.
Cydia funebrana is the most important pests on almond and apple fruit,
caused damage to fruits and fall down before ripen but the most important
damage became in stores, In Syria, almond plantations are locations mainly in
central area, This study
was done in almond orchards during 2004 – 2008, we
found: C.funebrana had two generations in a year, but in 2008 had a third
generation that entered in diapauses in late time of the year. The flying graph
study showed that first peak was in late May (diapaused larvae), second in first
days of July (first generation), However a third peak was noted in mid-August
(second generation) in 2008. First, second and third generations lasted for 84,
74 and 44 days, respectively. parasitismstages: one Parasitoid belongs
Chalcidoidea egg–larvae parasitoid, Ascogaster quadridentatus, five Parasitoid
from larvae parasitoid, Bracon sp., Eupelmus sp., Pentalitomastix pyralis,
Monodontomus sp., and fifth one Goniozus sp., and two Parasitoid from larvaepupa
parasitoid, and one parasitoid from pupa parasitoid, it,s Pteromalus sp.
A survey of the natural enemies of woolly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum
(Hausm.) was conducted in unsprayed orchards in the mountain region of
Sweida, Syria. Twenty-six species were found, belonging to Coleoptera,
Dermaptera, Diptera, Heteroptera
, Neuroptera. Coccinella septempunctata L.
was the most abundant predator at the beginning of the season. The coccinellid
Oenopia conglobata (L.) occurred in less numbers and had a secondary
importance. Predatory bugs had a high activity in summer. Also, the aphelinid
parasite, Aphelinus mali (Haldeman), was observed with a high effectiveness at
late summer and at the end of the growing season.
