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The Philosophy of Religion for Spinoza

فلسفة الدين عند سبينوزا

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 Publication date 2015
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The impact of Spinoza's criticism of the religious phenomenon along with its relation to human beingshas been greatly evident on theintellectual climate of modern philosophy in general, and the Study of the philosophy of religion that emerged with Kant later in particular.Thus, we can assert that the philosophical trend of Spinoza has paved the wayfor Kant’s researches to go on in this direction.Consequently, his researches have been influenced by the achievements of the intellectual and cultural environment that prevailed at that time; from Bruno and Descartes to Copernicus and Galileo walked libertarian direction of mental ahead in the criticism of the principles underlying philosophical and natural thought in the sixteenth and seventeenth century، but none of those have had the intellectual courage to put religion into criticism. Especially, withina religious environment that has been dominated by exceptional religiosityin order to face the expected danger of philosophers and thinkers. Within this atmosphere of exceptional religiosity, Spinoza has logically criticized all sacred things of his time such as: the Holy Bible, the nature of God, the relationship between faith and reason, the concept of miracle, prophecy, and the afterlife. He has raised many doubts aboutthe whole religious phenomenon calling for conducting many researches and teststhat might lay bare the hidden truth that religion claimed to have and being the everlasting salvation for human kind.By doing so, he has created a novel philosophical trend that has been known today as the philosophy of religion.


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Research summary
تناولت هذه الورقة البحثية فلسفة الدين عند الفيلسوف الهولندي باروخ سبينوزا (1632-1677م) وتأثير نقده للظاهرة الدينية على الفكر الفلسفي الحديث، وخاصة في مجال فلسفة الدين. يوضح الباحث كيف أن سبينوزا، باستخدام منهج عقلي صارم، قام بنقد الكتاب المقدس، طبيعة الله، علاقة الإيمان بالعقل، مفهوم المعجزة، والنبوة. يعتبر سبينوزا من أوائل الفلاسفة الذين تجرأوا على نقد الدين في بيئة دينية متشددة، مما جعله رائدًا في هذا المجال ومهد الطريق لفلاسفة مثل كانط. تتناول الورقة أيضًا كيفية تأثير البيئة الفكرية والثقافية لعصر سبينوزا على فلسفته، وكيف أن نقده للظاهرة الدينية كان له تأثير كبير على تطور فلسفة الدين. يتم تحليل أفكار سبينوزا من خلال منهج تاريخي وتحليلي ومقارن، لتقدير قيمة إسهاماته في فلسفة الدين ووضعه في موقعه الصحيح من هذا المبحث الفلسفي الجديد.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: على الرغم من الجهد الكبير الذي بذله الباحث في تحليل فلسفة سبينوزا، إلا أن هناك بعض النقاط التي تحتاج إلى مزيد من التوضيح. أولاً، يمكن القول أن الورقة تعتمد بشكل كبير على النصوص الأولية لسبينوزا دون تقديم تحليل نقدي كافٍ لهذه النصوص. ثانياً، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تضمنت مقارنة بين فلسفة سبينوزا وفلاسفة آخرين في نفس الفترة الزمنية. ثالثاً، الورقة تفتقر إلى تحليل تأثير فلسفة سبينوزا على الفكر الديني المعاصر وكيف يمكن تطبيق أفكاره في السياق الحديث. وأخيراً، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر تفاعلية إذا تضمنت مقابلات أو استبيانات مع علماء دين وفلاسفة معاصرين للحصول على وجهات نظر متعددة حول فلسفة سبينوزا.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي النقاط الرئيسية التي تناولها سبينوزا في نقده للظاهرة الدينية؟

    تناول سبينوزا في نقده للظاهرة الدينية الكتاب المقدس، طبيعة الله، علاقة الإيمان بالعقل، مفهوم المعجزة، والنبوة.

  2. كيف أثرت البيئة الفكرية والثقافية لعصر سبينوزا على فلسفته؟

    تأثرت فلسفة سبينوزا بالبيئة الفكرية والثقافية لعصره، حيث كانت هناك حركة تحررية عقلية بدأت من برونو وديكارت إلى كوبرنيكوس وغاليليو، مما شجع سبينوزا على نقد المبادئ الدينية والفلسفية السائدة.

  3. ما هو تأثير نقد سبينوزا للظاهرة الدينية على الفلسفة الحديثة؟

    كان لنقد سبينوزا للظاهرة الدينية تأثير كبير على الفلسفة الحديثة، حيث مهد الطريق لفلاسفة مثل كانط لتطوير فلسفة الدين كحقل فلسفي مستقل.

  4. ما هي المنهجية التي استخدمها الباحث في دراسة فلسفة الدين عند سبينوزا؟

    استخدم الباحث منهجية تاريخية وتحليلية ومقارنة في دراسة فلسفة الدين عند سبينوزا، حيث تتبع الإرهاصات الأولية لنشأة فلسفة الدين، وحلل أفكار سبينوزا المتعلقة بالموضوعات الأساسية، وقارن بين إسهاماته وإسهامات فلاسفة آخرين.

Keywords

References used
Murray، Michael .J and Rea، Michael .C، An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion، Cambridge University Press، New York، 2008
Meister، Chad، Introducing philosophy of religion، Simultaneously published، New York، 2009
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