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Evaluating the productivity of common carp farmed in the floating -cages in 16 Tishreen lake between 1995 and 2004

تقييم إنتاجية مزرعة سد 16 تشرين لاستزراع الكارب الشائع في الأقفاص العائمة خلال الفترة /1995-2004/

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 Publication date 2014
  fields Animal Production
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This study aimed at evaluating the productivity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) farmed in the floating-cages in the 16 Tishreen Dam between 1995 and 2004. The results showed that the feed amount was about (5000 tons) in 1998, while it was about (370 tons) in 1995. The proportion of protein reached 33.71% in 2000 and 28% in 1996. The number of carp fingerlings was 283000 in 4440 and 200550 in 1999. The fingerlings intensity in the cage was 115.387 fingerlings / m³ in 1995 and 90.355 fingerlings / m³ in 2003. The results also showed that the studied farm was not profitable in 1995 and 1998 because of fish over-wintering, while it was in the remaining years. These results indicate that the studied farm has successfully overcomed many of the problems and it was gainful in many years. However, the main aim of the studied farm is providing the local market by freshwater fish and offering many job opportunities.


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Research summary
هدفت الدراسة إلى تقييم إنتاجية مزرعة سد 16 تشرين لاستزراع أسماك الكارب الشائع في الأقفاص العائمة خلال الفترة من 1995 إلى 2004. أظهرت النتائج أن كمية العلف المقدمة للأسماك بلغت حوالي 5000 طن في عام 1998، بينما كانت حوالي 370 طن في عام 1995. تراوحت نسبة البروتين في الخلطة العلفية بين 27% و33.71%. بلغ عدد الإصبعيات المزروعة أعلى قيمة له في عام 2004 حيث بلغ 283000 إصبعية، وأقل قيمة في عام 1999 حيث بلغ 200550 إصبعية. كانت المزرعة خاسرة في عامي 1995 و1998 بسبب تدوير الأسماك، بينما كانت رابحة في باقي الأعوام. تشير النتائج إلى أن المزرعة تجاوزت العديد من المشاكل وحققت بعض الأرباح في سنوات عديدة، مع الأخذ بعين الاعتبار أن الهدف الرئيسي للمزرعة هو توفير جزء من احتياجات السوق المحلية من أسماك المياه العذبة وتوفير فرص عمل للسكان المحليين.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الفترة الزمنية التي غطتها الدراسة لتقييم إنتاجية مزرعة سد 16 تشرين؟

    الفترة الزمنية التي غطتها الدراسة هي من عام 1995 إلى عام 2004.

  2. ما هي أعلى نسبة بروتين تم تسجيلها في الخلطة العلفية المقدمة لأسماك الكارب خلال فترة الدراسة؟

    أعلى نسبة بروتين تم تسجيلها في الخلطة العلفية كانت 33.71% في عام 2000.

  3. ما هو الهدف الرئيسي لمزرعة سد 16 تشرين وفقاً للدراسة؟

    الهدف الرئيسي للمزرعة هو توفير جزء من احتياجات السوق المحلية من أسماك المياه العذبة وتوفير فرص عمل للسكان المحليين.

  4. ما هي الأسباب التي أدت إلى خسارة المزرعة في عامي 1995 و1998؟

    الأسباب التي أدت إلى خسارة المزرعة في عامي 1995 و1998 هي تدوير الأسماك (نشتيتها) من عام سابق بسبب عدم بيع الأسماك في نهاية موسم الاستزراع لعدم توافر سعر مناسب للأسماك المنتجة.


References used
Effendie, I.؛ Nirmala, K. ؛ Saputra, U H. ؛ Kurokura , H. Water Quality fluctuations under floating net cages for fish culture in lake Cirata and its impact .2005
Horvath, L. Egg development (oogenesis) in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). In: J. Muir and R.J. Roberts (eds.), Recent advances in aquaculture. Volume 2, Croom Helm, London and Sidney, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado,1985,31-77
Kestemont, P. Different systems of carp production and their impacts on the environment. Aquaculture.1995, 347-372
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A total of 30 water samples and 45 infected fish (carp, Cyprinus carpio) were collected from freshwater fish farm (Dam of 16 Tishreen-Lattakia) and analysed bacteriological. Macroscopic examinations of infected fish had showed the presence of haem orrhagic skin lesions with brown or red spots throughout their skin. A total of 64 Aeromonas strains were isolated. The Aeromonas isolates were distributed as follows: Aeromonas hydrophila (34, 53%), A. caviae (16, 25%), A. sobria (9, 14%) and (5, 8%) of unidentified aeromonads. Collectively, Aeromonas spp. are considered as opportunistic causative agents of human gastroenteritis and other infections. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried on all strains of isolated Aeromonas spp. using twenty different antibiotics by agar disk diffusion method.
The research aims to determine the water Quality Index for the Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam. To achieve this aim, we have carried out different periodical physic-chemical and bacterial measurements on the lake water. The samples were taken at five sites along the lake for a period of one complete year. The indicators that have been measured are: Temperature, Turbidity, PH, EC, DO, BOD5, NO3, NO2, NH4 ,PO4, F.C. Measurement results were represented diagrammatically, and compared with the Syrian Specification Standards for portable Water. The lake was classed according to these Indices: Malays quality index, Canadian Indices (NSFWQI), (NEWWQI). The Lake was Classed according to these indices as following: from third grade at all locations (Malays Index), from second grade at the middle lake and from a third grade to all other locations (NSFWQI), and from second grade at all locations (NEWWQI). According to this indices the water is not good for drinking and needs treatment. The Productivity of the lake was determined. The Lake is Eutrophic according to TN,TP in the middle but Hypertrophic according to TN,TP in all other locations.
The study included 144 Free – living fish from the Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam, collected randomly during the period from 12/2011 until 11/2012, on monthly basis to detect the infection with Epistylis sp. and determine its distribution rate. Fish sam ples were: Cyprinus carpio L., Varicorhinus damascinus, Garra rufus, Tilapia zilli, and Liza abu. Tilapia zilli was the most prevalent in the lake of 16 Tishreen Dam. The study revealed fish infection with Epistylis sp. on free – living fish in the Lake, with a total infection rate 22.22 % , mainly on Tilapia zillii (29.70 %) and then on mullet (2%);No infection with Epistylis sp. Was recorded on the other fish species. The infection with this ecto Epistylis sp. was recorded for the first time in Syria in our study. The infection with Epistylis sp. was located on the skin, fins and gills. The highest infection rate was on the fins ( 42.34 %) , followed by skin (37.46 %) , and then by gills (1.87 %) . The infection with Epistylis sp. had the highest rate in summer ; i.e. during high temperature , low concentration of dissolved oxygen , and slightly high value of BOD. The study showed that, the water of 16 Tishreen Dam is relatively clean.
The study included 132 Free – living fish in Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam, collected randomly during the period from 22/11/2011 until 22/10/2012, on average once a month, for detecting the infection of parasitic copepoda, and determine the distribution rate, and their effect on the fish productivity.
The evaluation of surface water resources is a necessary input to solving water management problems, which includes finding a relationship between precipitation and runoff, and this relationship is a high degree of complexity. The rain of the most important factors that greatly effect on rivers discharge, and process to prediction of these flows must take this factor into account, and much of the attention and study, artificial neural networks and is considered one of the most modern methods in terms of accuracy results in linking these multiple factors and highly complex. In order to predict the runoff contained daily to Lake Dam Tishreen 16 in Latakia, the subject of our research, the application of different models of artificial neural networks (ANN), was the previous input flows and rain. Divided the data set for the period between (2006-2012) into two sets: training and test, has been processing the data before using them as inputs to the neural network using Discrete Wavelet Transform technique, to get rid of the maximum values and the values of zero, where t the analysis of time series at three levels of accuracy before they are used sub- series resulting as inputs to the Feed Forward ANN that depend back-propagation algorithm for training. The results indicated that with the structural neural network (1-2-6) Wavelet-ANN model, are the best in the representation of the characteristics studied and best able to predict runoff daily contained to Lake Dam Tishreen 16 for a day in advance, where he reached the correlation coefficient the root of the mean of squared-errors (R2 = 0.96, RMSE = 1.97m3 / sec), respectively.

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