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Studying Water Quality of 16-October Dam Lake

دراسة جودة مياه بحيرة سد 16 تشرين

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 Publication date 2013
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The research aims to determine the water Quality Index for the Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam. To achieve this aim, we have carried out different periodical physic-chemical and bacterial measurements on the lake water. The samples were taken at five sites along the lake for a period of one complete year. The indicators that have been measured are: Temperature, Turbidity, PH, EC, DO, BOD5, NO3, NO2, NH4 ,PO4, F.C. Measurement results were represented diagrammatically, and compared with the Syrian Specification Standards for portable Water. The lake was classed according to these Indices: Malays quality index, Canadian Indices (NSFWQI), (NEWWQI). The Lake was Classed according to these indices as following: from third grade at all locations (Malays Index), from second grade at the middle lake and from a third grade to all other locations (NSFWQI), and from second grade at all locations (NEWWQI). According to this indices the water is not good for drinking and needs treatment. The Productivity of the lake was determined. The Lake is Eutrophic according to TN,TP in the middle but Hypertrophic according to TN,TP in all other locations.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم جودة مياه بحيرة سد 16 تشرين باستخدام مؤشرات جودة المياه العالمية. تم جمع عينات من خمسة مواقع مختلفة على طول البحيرة على مدار سنة كاملة، وتم تحليلها فيزيائياً وكيميائياً وجرثومياً. تم قياس عدة باراميترات مثل درجة الحرارة، PH، الناقلية الكهربائية، الأوكسجين المنحل، العكارة، النترات، النتريت، الأمونيوم، الفوسفات، وعدد العصيات. أظهرت النتائج أن مياه البحيرة تصنف من الدرجة الثالثة وفق المؤشر الماليزي، ومن الدرجة الثانية في وسط البحيرة ومن الدرجة الثالثة في باقي المواقع وفقاً لمؤشر NSFWQI، ومن الدرجة الثانية في جميع المواقع وفقاً للمؤشر NEWWQI. بناءً على هذه المؤشرات، تبين أن المياه غير صالحة للشرب وتحتاج إلى معالجة. كما أظهرت الدراسة أن البحيرة مخصبة بالنسبة للنتروجين والفوسفور في وسط البحيرة، وشديدة الإخصاب في باقي المواقع. توصي الدراسة بضرورة متابعة أخذ العينات سنوياً وإنشاء شبكات صرف صحي للقرى المحيطة بالبحيرة ووضع حرم للبحيرة لحمايتها من التلوث.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة شاملة ومهمة لتقييم جودة مياه بحيرة سد 16 تشرين، إلا أنها تفتقر إلى بعض الجوانب التي قد تعزز من نتائجها. على سبيل المثال، لم تتناول الدراسة تأثير التغيرات الموسمية بشكل كافٍ على جودة المياه، كما أن العينة الزمنية قد تكون غير كافية لتقديم صورة شاملة عن الوضع البيئي للبحيرة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر فعالية إذا تضمنت تحليلاً اقتصادياً لتكلفة الإجراءات المقترحة لتحسين جودة المياه. على الرغم من هذه النقاط، فإن الدراسة تقدم معلومات قيمة وتوصيات هامة للحفاظ على جودة المياه في البحيرة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الباراميترات التي تم قياسها في الدراسة لتقييم جودة مياه بحيرة سد 16 تشرين؟

    تم قياس درجة الحرارة، PH، الناقلية الكهربائية، الأوكسجين المنحل، العكارة، النترات، النتريت، الأمونيوم، الفوسفات، وعدد العصيات.

  2. ما هي تصنيفات جودة المياه التي حصلت عليها بحيرة سد 16 تشرين وفق المؤشرات العالمية؟

    تم تصنيف مياه البحيرة من الدرجة الثالثة وفق المؤشر الماليزي، ومن الدرجة الثانية في وسط البحيرة ومن الدرجة الثالثة في باقي المواقع وفقاً لمؤشر NSFWQI، ومن الدرجة الثانية في جميع المواقع وفقاً للمؤشر NEWWQI.

  3. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة لتحسين جودة مياه بحيرة سد 16 تشرين؟

    توصي الدراسة بمتابعة أخذ العينات سنوياً، إنشاء شبكات صرف صحي للقرى المحيطة بالبحيرة، ووضع حرم للبحيرة لحمايتها من التلوث.

  4. ما هي أسباب تلوث مياه بحيرة سد 16 تشرين وفقاً للدراسة؟

    أسباب التلوث تشمل تسريبات الصرف الصحي العشوائية، الفضلات الصلبة والسائلة الناتجة من البشر والحيوانات، والنفايات التي تنقلها مياه الأمطار أثناء الجريان السطحي.


References used
AHMED SAID, DAVID K. STEVENS, GERALD SEHLKE. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, AN Innovative Index for Evaluating Water Quality in Streams. Environmental Management. Vol. 34, No.3, (2004), pp.406-414
ZANDBERGEN,P. A., and K. J. Hall. 1998. Analysis of the British Columbia water quality index for watershed managers: A case study of two small watersheds. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada 33,519-549
CUDE, C. 2001. Oregon water quality index: A tool for evaluating water quality management effectiveness. Journal of American Water Resources Association 37, 125-137
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The research aims to determine a water Quality Index for the Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam. To achieve this aim we have carried out a different periodical physicchemical and bacterial measurements on the water of the lake. The Samples were taken at five sites along the lake for a period of complete year. The indicators that ، NO2، NO3، BOD5، DO، EC، PH، Turbidity،have been measured are: Temperature and ، F.C. Measurement results were represented diagrammatically،PO4،NH4 compared with the Syrian Specification Standards for portable Water. The lake was Canadian Indices ، classed according to these Indices: Malays quality index (NEWWQI). The Lake was Classed according to these indices as ،(NSFWQI) from second grade at ،following:from third grade at all locations (Malays Index) and from ،the middle lake and from a third grade to all other locations (NSFWQI) second grade at all locations (NEWWQI). According to this indices the water is not good for drinking and needs treatment. The Productivity of the lake was determined. The Lake is Eutrophic according to TN-TP in the middle but Hypertrophic accordingtoTN-TP in all other location
The study included 132 Free – living fish in Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam, collected randomly during the period from 22/11/2011 until 22/10/2012, on average once a month, for detecting the infection of parasitic copepoda, and determine the distribution rate, and their effect on the fish productivity.
The study included 144 Free – living fish from the Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam, collected randomly during the period from 12/2011 until 11/2012, on monthly basis to detect the infection with Epistylis sp. and determine its distribution rate. Fish sam ples were: Cyprinus carpio L., Varicorhinus damascinus, Garra rufus, Tilapia zilli, and Liza abu. Tilapia zilli was the most prevalent in the lake of 16 Tishreen Dam. The study revealed fish infection with Epistylis sp. on free – living fish in the Lake, with a total infection rate 22.22 % , mainly on Tilapia zillii (29.70 %) and then on mullet (2%);No infection with Epistylis sp. Was recorded on the other fish species. The infection with this ecto Epistylis sp. was recorded for the first time in Syria in our study. The infection with Epistylis sp. was located on the skin, fins and gills. The highest infection rate was on the fins ( 42.34 %) , followed by skin (37.46 %) , and then by gills (1.87 %) . The infection with Epistylis sp. had the highest rate in summer ; i.e. during high temperature , low concentration of dissolved oxygen , and slightly high value of BOD. The study showed that, the water of 16 Tishreen Dam is relatively clean.
This research aims at studying the most important indicators of water pollution leading to nutrient increase (eutrophication) in AL- Basel Dam Lake, and connecting them with pollution sources represented by untreated sewage water and agricultural d rainage water, including rain water coming from the lands surrounding the lake. Among the most important of these indicators are total phosphorus (TP) and total Nitrogen (TN). Samples were taken and analyzed from four sitesof the lake (S1, S2, S3, S4) were conducted periodically. The work continued to conduct tests for full hydrological cycle as of January (2016) until December (2016). The study showed that the lake was highly fertilized according to the (TN- TP) this indicates that the lake is affected by the pollutants it encounters, especially the wastewater pollutants. The specific component of algal growth was determined by knowing the ratio between total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The TN / TP ratio was greater than 10, so total phosphorus is the specific component of algal growth in the Basel DamLake.
The evaluation of surface water resources is a necessary input to solving water management problems, which includes finding a relationship between precipitation and runoff, and this relationship is a high degree of complexity. The rain of the most important factors that greatly effect on rivers discharge, and process to prediction of these flows must take this factor into account, and much of the attention and study, artificial neural networks and is considered one of the most modern methods in terms of accuracy results in linking these multiple factors and highly complex. In order to predict the runoff contained daily to Lake Dam Tishreen 16 in Latakia, the subject of our research, the application of different models of artificial neural networks (ANN), was the previous input flows and rain. Divided the data set for the period between (2006-2012) into two sets: training and test, has been processing the data before using them as inputs to the neural network using Discrete Wavelet Transform technique, to get rid of the maximum values and the values of zero, where t the analysis of time series at three levels of accuracy before they are used sub- series resulting as inputs to the Feed Forward ANN that depend back-propagation algorithm for training. The results indicated that with the structural neural network (1-2-6) Wavelet-ANN model, are the best in the representation of the characteristics studied and best able to predict runoff daily contained to Lake Dam Tishreen 16 for a day in advance, where he reached the correlation coefficient the root of the mean of squared-errors (R2 = 0.96, RMSE = 1.97m3 / sec), respectively.
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