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Register a new userStudying Water Quality of 16-October Dam Lake
دراسة جودة مياه بحيرة سد 16 تشرين
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يهدف البحث إلى تحديد مؤشر جودة المياه لبحيرة سد 16 تشرين, و للوصول لهدف البحث تم إجراء تحاليل فيزيائية –كيميائية - جرثومية دورية لمياه البحيرة. تم أخذ العينات من خمسة مواقع على طول البحيرة لمدة سنة كاملة . تم قياس الباراميترات التالية :(درجة الحرارة ,PH, الناقلية الكهربائية ,DO, العكارة, BOD5, النترات , النتريت, الأمونيوم , الفوسفات , عدد العصيات ). تم تمثيل النتائج بيانياً و مقارنتها مع القيم المسموحة لمياه الشرب وفق المواصفات القياسية السورية. كما تم تصنيف البحيرة وفق مؤشرات جودة المياه العالمية : المؤشر الماليزي , مؤشر جودة المياه العالمي NSFWQI, المؤشر المعدل NEWWQI . تم تصنيف مياه البحيرة من الدرجة الثالثة في جميع المواقع وفق المؤشر الماليزي , و من الدرجة الثانية عند وسط البحيرة و من الدرجة الثالثة في باقي المواقع وفقاً للمؤشر (NSFWQI) . تم تصنيفها من الدرجة الثانية في جميع المواقع وفقاً للمؤشر (NEWWQI). بناءً على نتائج المؤشرات تبين أن المياه لا يمكن استخدامها للشرب و تحتاج إلى معالجة . تم تحديد درجة إخصاب مياه البحيرة فوجد أنها مخصبة بالنسبة ل TN وTP عند وسط البحيرة , و شديدة الإخصاب بالنسبة ل TN,TP في باقي المواقع.
The research aims to determine the water Quality Index for the Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam. To achieve this aim, we have carried out different periodical physic-chemical and bacterial measurements on the lake water. The samples were taken at five sites along the lake for a period of one complete year. The indicators that have been measured are: Temperature, Turbidity, PH, EC, DO, BOD5, NO3, NO2, NH4 ,PO4, F.C. Measurement results were represented diagrammatically, and compared with the Syrian Specification Standards for portable Water. The lake was classed according to these Indices: Malays quality index, Canadian Indices (NSFWQI), (NEWWQI). The Lake was Classed according to these indices as following: from third grade at all locations (Malays Index), from second grade at the middle lake and from a third grade to all other locations (NSFWQI), and from second grade at all locations (NEWWQI). According to this indices the water is not good for drinking and needs treatment. The Productivity of the lake was determined. The Lake is Eutrophic according to TN,TP in the middle but Hypertrophic according to TN,TP in all other locations.
References used
AHMED SAID, DAVID K. STEVENS, GERALD SEHLKE. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, AN Innovative Index for Evaluating Water Quality in Streams. Environmental Management. Vol. 34, No.3, (2004), pp.406-414
ZANDBERGEN,P. A., and K. J. Hall. 1998. Analysis of the British Columbia water quality index for watershed managers: A case study of two small watersheds. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada 33,519-549
CUDE, C. 2001. Oregon water quality index: A tool for evaluating water quality management effectiveness. Journal of American Water Resources Association 37, 125-137
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The research aims to determine a water Quality Index for the Lake of 16 Tishreen
Dam. To achieve this aim we have carried out a different periodical physicchemical and bacterial measurements on the water of the lake. The Samples were
taken at five
sites along the lake for a period of complete year. The indicators that
، NO2، NO3، BOD5، DO، EC، PH، Turbidity،have been measured are: Temperature
and ، F.C. Measurement results were represented diagrammatically،PO4،NH4
compared with the Syrian Specification Standards for portable Water. The lake was
Canadian Indices ، classed according to these Indices: Malays quality index
(NEWWQI). The Lake was Classed according to these indices as ،(NSFWQI)
from second grade at ،following:from third grade at all locations (Malays Index)
and from ،the middle lake and from a third grade to all other locations (NSFWQI)
second grade at all locations (NEWWQI). According to this indices the water is
not good for drinking and needs treatment. The Productivity of the lake was
determined. The Lake is Eutrophic according to TN-TP in the middle but
Hypertrophic accordingtoTN-TP in all other location
The study included 132 Free – living fish in Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam,
collected randomly during the period from 22/11/2011 until 22/10/2012, on
average once a month, for detecting the infection of parasitic copepoda, and
determine the distribution rate, and their effect on the fish productivity.
The study included 144 Free – living fish from the Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam, collected randomly during the period from 12/2011 until 11/2012, on monthly basis to detect the infection with Epistylis sp. and determine its distribution rate.
Fish sam
ples were: Cyprinus carpio L., Varicorhinus damascinus, Garra rufus, Tilapia zilli, and Liza abu. Tilapia zilli was the most prevalent in the lake of 16 Tishreen Dam.
The study revealed fish infection with Epistylis sp. on free – living fish in the Lake, with a total infection rate 22.22 % , mainly on Tilapia zillii (29.70 %) and then on mullet (2%);No infection with Epistylis sp. Was recorded on the other fish species. The infection with this ecto Epistylis sp. was recorded for the first time in Syria in our study.
The infection with Epistylis sp. was located on the skin, fins and gills. The highest infection rate was on the fins ( 42.34 %) , followed by skin (37.46 %) , and then by gills (1.87 %) .
The infection with Epistylis sp. had the highest rate in summer ; i.e. during high temperature , low concentration of dissolved oxygen , and slightly high value of BOD.
The study showed that, the water of 16 Tishreen Dam is relatively clean.
This research aims at studying the most important indicators of water pollution leading to
nutrient increase (eutrophication) in AL- Basel Dam Lake, and connecting them with
pollution sources represented by untreated sewage water and agricultural d
rainage water,
including rain water coming from the lands surrounding the lake. Among the most
important of these indicators are total phosphorus (TP) and total Nitrogen (TN). Samples
were taken and analyzed from four sitesof the lake (S1, S2, S3, S4) were conducted
periodically. The work continued to conduct tests for full hydrological cycle as of January
(2016) until December (2016). The study showed that the lake was highly fertilized
according to the (TN- TP) this indicates that the lake is affected by the pollutants it
encounters, especially the wastewater pollutants. The specific component of algal growth
was determined by knowing the ratio between total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The TN
/ TP ratio was greater than 10, so total phosphorus is the specific component of algal
growth in the Basel DamLake.
The evaluation of surface water resources is a necessary input to solving water
management problems, which includes finding a relationship between precipitation and
runoff, and this relationship is a high degree of complexity. The rain of the most
important
factors that greatly effect on rivers discharge, and process to prediction of these flows must
take this factor into account, and much of the attention and study, artificial neural networks
and is considered one of the most modern methods in terms of accuracy results in linking
these multiple factors and highly complex. In order to predict the runoff contained daily to
Lake Dam Tishreen 16 in Latakia, the subject of our research, the application of different
models of artificial neural networks (ANN), was the previous input flows and rain.
Divided the data set for the period between (2006-2012) into two sets: training and
test, has been processing the data before using them as inputs to the neural network using
Discrete Wavelet Transform technique, to get rid of the maximum values and the values of
zero, where t the analysis of time series at three levels of accuracy before they are used
sub- series resulting as inputs to the Feed Forward ANN that depend back-propagation
algorithm for training.
The results indicated that with the structural neural network (1-2-6) Wavelet-ANN
model, are the best in the representation of the characteristics studied and best able to
predict runoff daily contained to Lake Dam Tishreen 16 for a day in advance, where he
reached the correlation coefficient the root of the mean of squared-errors (R2 = 0.96,
RMSE = 1.97m3 / sec), respectively.
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