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Ethnoarchaeology: Its concept and Applications in Archaeology

الدراسات الأثنواركيولوجية: مفهومها و استخداماتها في علم الآثار

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 Publication date 2011
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The theoretical developments in archaeology have influenced the nature of cultural inferences that can be achieved by studying material culture. Since the fifties of last century the aims of archaeology were beyond identifying the cultural-historical context of material culture. Instead the focus was inferring cultural aspects from artifacts and testing assumptions on material culture. To reach such a research end, the relationships between human behavior and material culture should be more identified. Moreover, the evaluation of archaeological assumptions based on material foundation ought to be measured in a context where both human behavior and material culture can be directly observed. Ethnoarchaeological studies, therefore, have been developed to clearly identify human-material relationships and to testify the archaeological assumption where behaviors can be directly observed and to identify the factors that can affect these behaviors and their material correlates. Despite the fact that ethnoarchaeology has been intensively practiced in most parts of the world, less studies have been carried out in the Levant. Hence, this paper aims at presenting the nature and conceptualization of ethnoarchaeology, the main topics that have been studied in this part of the world and how to use such studies for archaeological reasoning. Moreover, it aims to suggest further research aspects that can be studied and how to use such studies with archaeological and historical sources to conceptualize the past in the Levant from inside.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تناقش الورقة البحثية مفهوم الدراسات الأثنواركيولوجية واستخداماتها في علم الآثار. منذ الخمسينيات، بدأ علماء الآثار في طرح أسئلة جديدة حول المادة الأثرية تتجاوز الجوانب الزمنية والمكانية، مستلهمين من الدراسات الأنثروبولوجية. تهدف الأثنواركيولوجيا إلى فهم العلاقة بين السلوك الإنساني والمادة الثقافية من خلال دراسة المجتمعات الحالية. تتناول الورقة تعريف الأثنواركيولوجيا، أهدافها، ومراحل نشأتها وتطورها، بالإضافة إلى تطبيقاتها في بلاد الشام. كما تستعرض الورقة الاتجاهات النظرية المختلفة التي أثرت على هذا المجال، بدءًا من التركيز على البيئة والنظام البيئي إلى دراسة الرمزية والبنية الاجتماعية. تُبرز الورقة أهمية الدراسات الأثنواركيولوجية في تفسير الماضي وفهم الجوانب الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية للمجتمعات القديمة، مع التركيز على الحاجة إلى تزامن العمل الآثاري والأثنواركيولوجي لتحقيق فهم شامل للماضي.
Critical review
تُعد هذه الورقة إضافة قيمة لمجال علم الآثار، حيث تسلط الضوء على أهمية الدراسات الأثنواركيولوجية في تفسير المادة الأثرية وفهم السلوك الإنساني المرتبط بها. ومع ذلك، يمكن القول إن الورقة قد تكون أكثر شمولية إذا تضمنت أمثلة عملية أكثر توضيحًا لتطبيقات الأثنواركيولوجيا في بلاد الشام. كما أن التركيز على نقد المنهجيات الحالية واختبار فعاليتها يمكن أن يضيف بعدًا نقديًا أعمق للورقة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن تعزيز الورقة بمزيد من الدراسات المقارنة بين المجتمعات المختلفة لتوضيح الفروقات والتشابهات في السلوك الإنساني والمادة الثقافية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هو تعريف الأثنواركيولوجيا؟

    الأثنواركيولوجيا هي نوع من الدراسات الميدانية التي تُجرى ضمن المجتمعات المعاصرة من قبل الأثاريين بهدف إيجاد أجوبة لأسئلة محددة لفهم المادة الأثرية وتفسيرها.

  2. ما هي أهداف الدراسات الأثنواركيولوجية؟

    تهدف الدراسات الأثنواركيولوجية إلى فهم العلاقة بين السلوك الإنساني والمادة الثقافية، وتطوير فرضيات حول سلوك الإنسان في الماضي، واختبار مجالات متعددة للسلوك الاجتماعي الثقافي من منظور أثري.

  3. كيف تطورت الأثنواركيولوجيا عبر الزمن؟

    تطورت الأثنواركيولوجيا من مرحلة استخدام المعلومات الأنثوغرافية لتفسير المادة الأثرية إلى مرحلة التركيز على البيئة والنظام البيئي، ثم إلى دراسة الرمزية والبنية الاجتماعية، وأخيرًا إلى مدرسة ما بعد الاستعمار التي تركز على الفكر المحلي.

  4. ما هي أهمية الدراسات الأثنواركيولوجية في بلاد الشام؟

    تساعد الدراسات الأثنواركيولوجية في بلاد الشام على تفسير الشواهد الأثرية وفهم الجوانب الاجتماعية والاقتصادية للمجتمعات القديمة، وتطوير نماذج تفسيرية لفهم الماضي من خلال دراسة المجتمعات الحالية.


References used
Ali, N. 1996 Spinning and Weaving Activities at Abu Hamid as Inferred from the Study of Perforated Objects. Unpublished M.A. thesis. Irbid: Yarmouk University
2005a The Development of Pottery Technology from the Late Sixth to the Fifth Millennium: Ethno-and Archaeological Studies (Abu Hamid as a Key Site). Oxford: BAR International Series 1422
2005b The Relationship Between Subsistence Strategies and Pottery Production Areas: An Ethnoarchaeological Study in Jordan". Leiden Journal of Pottery Technology, Vol. 21: 119-128
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