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Self with Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

النفس عند فخر الدين الرازي

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 Publication date 2013
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The problem of the Self occupies an important place in the philosophical thought, as the link between two major sections in philosophy: the study of knowledge and the study of existence which has received considerable attention throughout the history of human thought. Philosophers have split into several directions notably the physical, the ideal and the realistic. These attitudes reflected in the opinions and theories of Arab thinkers and philosophers where they treated this matter deeply and accurately, stemming from the nature of their hesitant attitude among the religious and the mental, of whom Fakhr al-Deen al-Razi has devoted to this problem a large area in his compositions. We wonder here about the nature of his attitude and how could he reconcile his philosophical mental bias and the Islamic concept of the self which is based on the axioms of the text?


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول الورقة البحثية للدكتور سليمان الضاهر مشكلة النفس عند الفيلسوف الإسلامي فخر الدين الرازي. تعتبر مشكلة النفس من القضايا الفلسفية المعقدة التي شغلت الفلاسفة على مر العصور، حيث ترتبط بمباحث المعرفة والوجود. يعرض الباحث موقف الرازي من هذه المشكلة وكيفية توفيقه بين الفلسفة العقلية والمفهوم الإسلامي للنفس. يبدأ البحث بعرض تاريخي لمشكلة النفس في الفكر الفلسفي، بدءًا من الفلاسفة اليونانيين مثل أفلاطون وأرسطو، وصولاً إلى الفلاسفة المسلمين مثل الكندي والفارابي وابن سينا. يوضح الباحث أن الرازي تأثر بآراء هؤلاء الفلاسفة ولكنه قدم تفسيراته الخاصة التي تجمع بين العقل والنقل. يعرض البحث تعريف الرازي للنفس، براهينه على وجودها، وموقفه من خلود النفس. كما يناقش قوى النفس المختلفة عند الرازي وكيفية تأثيرها على أفعال الإنسان. يختتم الباحث بتقديم استنتاجات وتوصيات حول أهمية دراسة النفس من منظور فلسفي وديني، مشيرًا إلى أن منهج الرازي في التوفيق بين العقل والنقل ما زال صالحًا لحل الكثير من الإشكالات الفكرية المعاصرة.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر الورقة البحثية للدكتور سليمان الضاهر دراسة قيمة ومهمة في مجال الفلسفة الإسلامية، حيث تسلط الضوء على مشكلة النفس من منظور فخر الدين الرازي. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض الانتقادات البناءة لهذه الدراسة. أولاً، يبدو أن الباحث قد اعتمد بشكل كبير على المصادر الثانوية دون تقديم تحليل نقدي كافٍ للمصادر الأولية. ثانياً، هناك بعض التكرار في عرض الأفكار والبراهين، مما قد يشتت القارئ. ثالثاً، كان من الممكن تعزيز الدراسة بمزيد من المقارنات بين آراء الرازي والفلاسفة الآخرين بشكل أكثر تفصيلاً. وأخيراً، قد يكون من المفيد تقديم تطبيقات عملية للأفكار الفلسفية التي تناولها الرازي في سياق معاصر، مما يعزز من قيمة البحث ويجعله أكثر ارتباطًا بالواقع الحالي.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي أهم براهين فخر الدين الرازي على وجود النفس؟

    قدم الرازي عدة براهين على وجود النفس، منها برهان الاستمرار والاتصال الذي يؤكد أن هوية الإنسان تبقى مستمرة رغم تغير أجزائه، وبرهان شعور 'الأنا' الذي يثبت أن الإنسان يدرك ذاته بغض النظر عن أعضائه المادية.

  2. كيف وفق فخر الدين الرازي بين الفلسفة العقلية والمفهوم الإسلامي للنفس؟

    وفق الرازي بين الفلسفة العقلية والمفهوم الإسلامي للنفس من خلال استخدام منهجية تجمع بين الأدلة العقلية والنقلية، حيث اعتمد على براهين عقلية مستمدة من الفلاسفة السابقين وأدلة نقلية من القرآن الكريم.

  3. ما هو موقف الرازي من خلود النفس؟

    يؤكد الرازي على خلود النفس ويقدم عدة براهين لإثبات ذلك، منها أن النفس جوهر روحاني قائم بذاته ولا تفسد بموت الجسد، وأن علاقتها بالجسد علاقة عرضية لا تؤدي إلى فنائها.

  4. ما هي القوى المختلفة للنفس عند الرازي؟

    يعتقد الرازي أن النفس الإنسانية واحدة ولها قوى متعددة، منها القوة النظرية المسؤولة عن المعرفة والقوة العملية المسؤولة عن الأفعال. كما يشير إلى وجود قوى مشتركة بين الإنسان والحيوان والنبات مثل القوة الغاذية والمنمية والمولدة.


References used
القرآن الكريم
ابن سينا مبحث عن القوى النفسانية, مطبعة المعارف, القاهرة, 1325ه.
أرسطو, كتاب النفس, ترجمة أحمد فؤاد الأهواني, دار إحياء الكتب العربية, القاهرة, 1949.
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