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Register a new userThe Poetics of Argumentation in the Poetic Text: Al - Ra'i Al – Numairi' (Daliah) as a Model
بلاغة الحِجاج في النص الشعري: دالِية الراعي النُّميري نَموذجاً
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يوسف محمود عليمات( باحث )
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هدفت هذه القراءة النصية إلى الكشف عن فاعلية الحِجاج في بنية النص الشعري. و قد تمحورت الدراسة حول بعدين أساسيين هما: أولاً: البعد النظري؛ و تطرق إلى تحديد مفهوم الحِجاج في البلاغة الأرسطية، و المعجمية العربية و الدرس البلاغي العربي القديم، فضلاً عن إلى محاورة آراء منظري الحجاجية في البلاغة المعاصرة، و كذلك توصيف العلاقة بين الحجاج و الثقافة، و تحديداً في الدراسات الثقافية. ثانياً: البعد الإجرائي؛ و نمذج دالية الراعي النميري بوصفها نصاً حجاجياً و سياسياً في آنٍ؛ إذ تكون هذا النص من أربع عتبات نصية حجاجية هي: البين و مفارقات الحدث، و الرحلة العجائبية و تداعيات المجهول، و الذات الثائرة و الزمن الليلي المؤرق، و الأنثى اللائمة و الفحولة المقاومة. و تشكل هذه العتبات النصية علامات نسقية حجاجية توضح حقيقة العلاقة المتوترة بين الراعي النميري/ صوت المضطهدين و السلطة الأموية ممثلة بالخليفة عبد الملك بن مروان.
This textual study aims at revealing the effectiveness of argumentation in structuring the poetic text. The study discusses two basic dimensions in this regard: first, the theoretical dimension that will identify the concept of argumentation in Aristotle's poetics, Arabic lexicon and the traditional Arabic Rhetorical discourse. This dimension will also discuss the different views given by argumentation scholars in modern poetics. Finally, it will describe the relationship between argumentation and culture, especially in cultural studies. The second dimension is the practical one in which Al – Ra'i Al- Numairi's (Daliah) will be taken as a model because of being a political text. This text is made up of four paratexts: distance and discrepancies of events, the extra-ordinary adventure and the consequences of the unknown the revolutionary self and the worrying nighttime, and the blaming female and the rebellions male. All these paratexts together provide clues about argumentative writing that clarifies the confusion in the relationship between Al – Ra'i Al - Numairi who represents the oppressed and the Ommayad authority represented by the caliph Abdul Malik Bin Marwan.
References used
Apostel, L., Towards A general Theory of Argumentation, in "Argumentation: Approaches to Theory Formation", Edited by: E.M Barth, and J.L. Martens, Volume 8, Amsterdam/John Benjamin B.V, 1982
Blair, J. Anthony, Everyday Argumentation from An Informal Logic Perspective, in "Readings in Argumentation Pragmatic and Discourse Analysis", Edited by: William L. Benoit, Deledate Hample, and Pamela J. Benoit, Foris Publication, Berlin – New York 1992
ابن منظور، لسان العرب، مجلد 2، دار صادر، بيروت.
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The study attempts to explore the structure of poetic
image in the free verse of modern poetry which is considered as the main
feature of modernity that lies in the elements of surprise and paradox,
deviation and spacious fantasy which opens up horizons to the recipients
for multiple and open readings.
In his poem "Torture of AL_ Hallag", AL_Bayati tries to benefit
of the narrative techniques since they are not only characteristic of the
novel, but of lingual discovers in general, and a system of lingual practice
which we can notice in many ling
ual genres. Using narrative techniques
in poems appears through narrative tyres because a poem maintains its
basis of harmony, description , imagination and so on .
These techniques in the text tend to more to the dramatic feature,
in which, voices and characters vary, and the narrative feature appears to
be a standard on which the poet constructs his text, and derives his ideas
and visions . He gets benefits of historic events through their existence in
order to fulfill creative writing , which in turn, produces real verse which
intensities, the narrative in a way that suits the poetic students .
Through this , the narrative structures contributes to building the poetic
text but do not totally affects them nor appear in a clear from which
undermine the poem . This means, it comes through the necessary
elements which contribute and fortify the poem's creativity , and elevate
it twards a space of beauty which might be more open to other types of
discourse .
يشمل الفضاء الطباعي "النَّصي" طريقة تصميم الغلاف, و وضع المطالع و الخواتيم, و تنظيم الفصول, و تشكيل العنوانات... و غيرها. و هو يفتح أفقاً تأويلياً للبحوث الأدبية, كهذا البحث الذي يحاول إظهار أهميَّة الأثر الكتابي من نوع الخط, و الألوان, و النسق التتا
بعي, و البياض, و السواد, و تصميم الصفحة, في إذكاء خيال المتلقي.
و يؤكد البحث أن عملية اختيار العنوان هي أعقل مرحلة يمر بها صاحب النَّص, و لقد احتلَّ مكانة خاصة في ساحات الإبداع الأدبي, مما جعل الحاجة ملحَّة لوضع علم خاص به, و مستقل, هو "علم العنونة".
و يأتي هذا البحث بوصفه محاولة في قراءة كتاب "سيَّاف الزهور" لمحمد الماغوط باستخدام كل تلك الأدوات الإجرائية, مع محاولة التقيد بحدود ما تسمح به اللياقة الأدبيَّة, و المعرفة السليمة المبنيَّة على ما يقوله النَّص, فلا يجبره على ما ليس فيه.
The rnodern poem is characterized by breaking away from the old molds.
It also attempts to sreate models that seek to generate new poetic
sentiments. In order to reach that goal the poern follows several
techniques and rnechanisms" These technique
s attempt to establish a
rhythmical structure that rebels against the conventional musical
standards and their rigor of meter and rhyme. Moreover, they do not yield
to the power of the popular modetrs, and they move to a space where the
poet can make use of minute details so as to plan for an interior design
that is strongly associated with psychological motives and semantic
figures. Both of which will define the focal point of the rhyhmical tension
which is compatible with the development of the self and the textual
semantic. Therefore, they move towards the interior which develops due
to the interaction between the components of the text and its
interrelationships. Thus, this paper shall seek to trace the factors and
constituents that take part in the formation of the rhythmical structure
away from the external component represented by the meter and rhyme
scheme. The paper adopts literal repetition as a means to find out about
the aspects of the internal rhyhm and its contribution to the construction
of the general rhythmical structure of the text as well as its relation with
the semantic dimension in
order to focus on the relation between rhyhmic semantic and linguistic
semantic.
This research is composed of two parts: The first is theoretical and separates the
saying from the subjectification idiom with its considerable presence in criticism
surrounding the immigration space. It also explains the marks and impressions whic
h make
difference between it and the factual and artistic space. The second one is applicable. It
takes to pieces the image of Cairo Al Muiz in the journey of Al Abdari, considered as
subjectified image and also observes its subjectification move and the effective elements in
it. Its most significant result is that the immigration space has its own distinguished
character as a subjectified space that lies in moderate position between the factual and
artistic space, and expresses the age of journey, its culture, situations, emotions and also
effect of space and period in it. Cairo in Al Abdari text which has lost both its historical
sacred distance and has changed into a dismissing frightening space that it explained Al
Abdari age, its believing ideal and national enthusiasm, its desolation and estrangement of
the civilian form and its intimate tie to the space of the ego=mother space=his village
Haha.
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