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Register a new userThe Substantive Constitutional Constraints of Privatization
القيود الدستورية الموضوعية للخصخصة
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القيود الدستورية الموضوعية للخصخصة تتعامل في - المقام الأول - مع السؤال هل يمكن خصخصة أحد المرافق العامة من وجهة النظر الدستورية، أم لا؟ لأن بعض الدول، مثل فرنسا، تحمي المرافق العامة بموجب نصوص الدستور، فضلاً عن أن من الشائع بالنسبة إلى النصوص الدستورية أن تتضمن تحديداً لمهام الدولة الأساسية، التنفيذية و التشريعية و القضائية، الأمر الذي يمكن تفسيره بأنه من غير الممكن إطلاقاً خصخصة هذه المهام الدستورية.
The substantive constraints of privatization initially deal with the question of whether a certain privatization is constitutionally permitted in the first place, or not, because many countries like France, protect the public services by the provisions of the constitution, and It is a common feature of constitutional texts that they include provisions defining the main branches of government - the executive, the legislature and the judiciary - and these provisions may be interpreted, that it would not be possible to completely privatize this functions.
References used
د. أحمد محمد محرز، النظام القانوني لتحول القطاع العام إلى القطاع الخاص (الخصخصة)، . من دون ناشر القاهرة 1995
Alexander, Jeffrey A., and Thomas G. Rundall, Public Hospitals under Contract Management: An Assessment of Operating Performance, Medical Care, Vol. 23, No. 3 , Mars, 1985
Belfield, Clive R., and, Henry M. Levin, Education privatization causes, consequences : and planning implications, UNESCO, International Institute for Educational Planning, Paris, 2002
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The Research In This Regard Is Concerned With Pollution Of The Marine Environment, Which Is One Of The Vital Topics That Have Occupied The Attention Of The International Community In General and Coastal State
s In Particular, For Which The Conventions Aimed At ProtectingThe Marine Environment Were Concluded By Adopting The Rules Of Substantive Responsibility For Damages Resulting From Marine Pollution Accidents, Which Has Proved To Be The Legal Valve To Guarantee Individuals' Rights And Facilitating Compensation For Damages Resulting FromPollution Of TheMarine Environment In Cases Where AggrievedIs Unable To Prove Fault In The Face Of Responsible. The Research aims To Briefing By PillarsOf Substantive Responsibility And The Implications Of establishing It In The Light Of International And Regional Conventions That Concern The Issue Of Pollution Of The Marine Environment.The Research concluded That The Implementation Of The Substantive Responsibility Rules will Achieve Greater Protection For Those AffectedIf The Period Of Limitation Extinguished For The Compensation Lawsuit Is Taken Into Account In The Interest Of Aggrieved, Especially Since Some Conventions Don’t TakeInto Account That The Environmental DamageIs Slow To Emerge, Thus Losing The Right Of Aggrieved To Compensation Due To The Lapse Of Time
Generally, the environmental constitutional regulations used by countries vary
between objective ones made to legalize the right for a safe
environment and procedural ones. This paper focuses on and
analyzes the methods that must be used when making decisions
related to environmental protection.
organizations
Information
الدستور
الرقابة القضائية
Constitution
الجمعيات
المعلومات البيئية
المشاركة العامة
القرارات البيئية
المصلحة في الدعوى
التشريعات الخاصة بالبيئة
الهيئات و الجهات المعنية بالبيئة
public cooperation
environmental decisions
judicial control
interest in cases
Environmental legislation
Environmental Authorities and Authorities
المزيد..
This paper seeks to compare how the administrative disputes are seen before the
Supreme Constitutional Court in relating to allegation of a Non-constitutional law or
regulation relates to adjudicate in the case seeing before the Administrative Cour
t or the
Supreme Administrative Court in Jordan and Egypt.
Therefore, this study aims to highlight how the administrative disputes are seen
before the Supreme Constitutional Court in relating to allegation of a Non-constitutional
law or regulation relates to adjudicate in the case seeing before the Administrative Court or
the Supreme Administrative Court.
It is true that prior to the enacting of the Administrative Justice Act No. 27 of 2014 ,
the Jordanian legislator used to deal with the High Court of Justice as one of the special
judicial authorities, which may raise the case of allegation of unconstitutionality directly,
similar to the Court of Cassation.
Unlike the substantive Court which sees the case, the Jordan legislator obliged it to
raise the allegation of unconstitutionality to the Court of Cassation. The Court of Cassation
will decide whether to raise the appeal of unconstitutionality or not.
As for the Egyptian context, Egypt depends on the law of the State Council No. 48 of
1979. This law 1979 entrusted to Court of Administrative Justice Administrative Court and
the Supreme Administrative Court to raise alleged unconstitutionality law directly to the
Supreme Constitutional Court.
القيود هي قواعد حماية تقوم على تجسيد المبادئ الأساسية الميثاقية، و تعني اقتران الاختصاص
بشروط موضوعية لتحقيق مصلحة الدول الأعضاء و تطبيق القانون، و تمنع على مجلس الأمن استبعاد
الأحكام التي تقتضيها صفتها الإلزامية باعتبارها من قبيل القواعد القاطعة ل
لتجاوز.
فهي نظام يفرض نفسه في ظل مبدأ المشروعية، و مؤسس بمقتضى المواد 1 فقرة و 2 فقرة 4 و 7
و 24 فقرة 2 و 39 و 42.
فالضوابط المرسخة في هذه المواد هي موجب يلزم مجلس الأمن بأن يصدر تصرفاته جميعًا في حدود
النصوص القانونية التي تحكم نشاطه المادي و القانوني و تجعل مناط التدخل غير مستقل بذاته بل
مرتبطًا بالأسس التي تفعل الاختصاص و تحقق شروطه، من أجل إقامة علاقة من التوازن الصحيح بين
سيادة الدولة و فعالية الاختصاص.
و تأسيسًا على ما تقدم، تبحث هذه الدراسة في القيود التي وضعها الميثاق على ممارسة الاختصاص
في ضوء بعدها الموضوعي و مدلولها القانوني، و ترتكز على عنصرين، تتكامل بهما :
أولا: البحث في وصف القيد طبقًا لمعياره المحدد في نص المادة ذاتها.
ثانيًا : البحث في البعد الموضوعي للقيد في صلاته الترابطية مع المواد الأخرى ذات العلاقة.
The conclusion of contracts between persons of private law but is
simple, as the basic condition for the existence of the contract is the
availability of two wills: Accept and affirmative, to be after the
conclusion of the contract, and this is co
mmon between civilian
contracts and management contracts, but the conclusion of
administrative contracts him different from the conclusion of
contracts between the mechanism individuals, and this mechanism
stems from the existence of certain conditions administrative
contract that distinguish it from other particularly essential
requirement is that the administration is a party to the contract, the
expression of their will be different in terms of legal what it is about
the expression of the will of the people is the objective nature, while
the expression the will of individuals but rather a personal nature.
Based on the above, the Privacy carried by the conclusion of the
administrative contract theory, reflected in the legal reality through
the Constraints on the administration at the conclusion of their
contracts, it was not necessary to clarify these restrictions and stand
on the impact between the administration on the one hand and
individuals on the other.
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