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Register a new userThe effect of accumulation of chilling hours and the rate of linear heat on the behavior of some pistachio vera varieties
تأثير تراكم ساعات البرودة و معدل التراكم الخطي لدرجات الحرارة في سلوك بعض أصناف الفستق الحلبي
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2014
fields
Agricultural Engineering
and research's language is
العربية
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Shamra Editor
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يعد تقدير الحاجة من متطلبات البرودة شتاء و معدل التراكم الحراري لكسر طور السكون في الفستق الحلبي من أهم العوامل التي تحدد انتشار زراعة هذا المحصول و تأقلمه مع مختلف البيئات. حيث تم تحديد عشرة مستويات برودة ( 500-1300-1200-1100-1000-900-800-700-600- 1400 ساعة) للأصناف المؤنثة عاشوري و باتوري من خلال مقارنتها مع الصنف المذكر آدم.
Winter chilling requirements are critical for flowering and fruiting of many fruit species, with evidence that pistachio has been adversely affected by warm winter, so that estimating chilling and heat requirements is crucial for identifying appropriate cultivars for given site. In our study, different levels of chilling hours were applied (500-600-700-800-900-1000-1100-1200-1300-1400 h).
References used
Alcala, A.R. and D. Barranco.1992. Prediction of flowering time in olive for the Cordoba olive collection. Hort. Sci., 27: 1205-1207
Afshari, H., A. Tajabadipour, H. Hokmabadiand M. Mohamadimoghadam. 2009. Determining the chilling requirement of four pistachio cultivars in Semnan (Iran). African Journal of Agricultural Research; 4(2): 55-59
Alonso, J.M., J. M. Anson, M.T. Espiau and R. Socias Company. 2005. Determination of endodormancy break in almond flower buds by a correlation model using the average temperature of different days intervals and its application to the estimation of chill and heat requirements and blooming date. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci; 130(3): 308 – 3018
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The research trial was carried out at University of California, Davis,
Agriculture and Natural Resources, Cooperative Extension–Kearney
Agricultural Center (KAC).
Part of the scientific work in the laboratory started from November 1, 2001
through
out the end of February 2002. This trial was conducted using Pistacia
vera; the female variety ‘Kerman’ and its pollinator, variety ‘Peters’;… both
are grafted on the rootstock UCB1.
The experiment detected the chill hour requirements of 6 female and 8 male
varieties of Pistachio (Pictacia vera L.) cultivated in Aleppo, Idleb, Hama and
Dar’a in Syria needed to break down their bud dormancy. Studied cuttings left
at 2°C in cool
chamber for 650, 750, 850, 950, 1050 and 1150 hours were placed
into growth chamber offering temperature, moisture and brightness similar to
those available in nature during the period of blooming flowers. Statistical
analysis distinguished clearly between the chill requirements of the female and
the male varieties, where the males needed lower cold hours. Also, the female
varieties showed differences among them in their chill requirements due to
genetic resources which were affected by their geographical areas and
attitudes. The period in the growth chamber needed to reach a proper
blooming ranged between 32 days in the case of Ashoury variety cultivated in
Dar’a with 1150 chill hours and 54 days with Nab Aljamal variety existed in
Hama and Idleb with 650 chill hours. Meanwhile, in the male varieties this
figure was between 22 days for male 2 cultivated in Idleb (1150 chill hour) and
43 days for Male E in Dar’a (650 chill hours). The cluster configuration
between the males and females varieties was sorted by putting them in two
relative distant sub-clusters. The females varieties were distributed sorted into
sub-groups as well, insuring the similarity among the ones belong. In addition,
The males varieties were distributed into two types depending on their earliness
blooming time (early: Hama1, Hama2, Idleb1, Idleb2 – late: A jellin, E Jellin,
Aleppo1, Aleppo2). The results could be useful for the decisions of what
varieties to be grown in certain places depending on natural chill hours
available there.
The experiment was done within -2014 in plant physiology lab.of agriculture faculty
of Tishreen University for estimation of high temperature stress toleration of citrus leaves
in three varietis(Citrus Unshiu , Meyer Lemon,Citrus SinensisWashington
). Many random
samples of leaves were gathered from the foliage of the examined categories whereas tha
average of the taken leaves was 200 from the whole sides for each one tree from the
branches which are one year old . which were put for limited duration in a water bath about
many different degrees of temperature then they were put in water and then in a solution of
HCL acid .
Many references were studied of containing :non spotting on leaves ,which means
they are un harmed,simple spotting,the spotting of more than half of the leaves area,the
perfect leaves spotting.
Studied temperature were as the following :40-50-60-70-80.Each one of this
mentiond temperature,40 leaves were used .The statistics analys were done with the way of
Genstat 12,for the comparison between averages for the sake of calculating the least
significant difference at the guidance level :5% .
Studies showed that Satsuma leaves are the most toleration for high temperature,next
Citrus SinensisWashington is less than Satsuma.At last Meyer Lemon was the least .
This research was carried out through the 201-2011 and 201-/2012 seasons
on 26-year-old trees of AL– Ashouri Pistachio cultivar grown in clay soil, in a
private orchard in Souran region (Hama province). Four types of organic green
fertilizers (Len
tils, Vetch, equal mixture from Lentils and Vetch and mix of
these legumes with barley), in addition to the control, to study their effects on
some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pistachio nut. Results
showed that the use of green fertilizers caused significant increase in studied
indicators and the best treatment was mix of legumes with barley (45% Lentils,
45% vetch, 10% Barley), which achieved the highest significant values، where
average of weight of the 100 nuts was 107.45 g during the two seasons, the
average of weight of the 100 kernel was 67.08 g, average of length of shell was
20.85mm and an annual yield was 32 kg/ tree, compared with control, which
achieved 87.50g, 40.25g, 18.08 mm and 16.75 kg, respectively.
The research studied the compatibility of grafting on the pistachio
variety of Ashouri with three rootstocks (P. vera, P. Atlantica and
P. Khinjuk). This research was implemented in the nursery of the
agricultural department in Hama. The seedling
rootstocks were
budded in plastic bags at the beginning of June by T-budding. The results demonstrated that the variety of Ashouri which budded on the Ashouri and P. Khinjuk rootstocks excelled at the p. Atlantica rootstocks, The best average of succeeded graft of Ashouri variety budded on the Ashouri and P. Khinjuk rootstocks reached (73, 69.5 %). While the growth of p. Atlantica and P. Khinjuk rootstocks were stronger than Ashouri rootstocks. The length of Ashouri variety which budded on P. Atlantica and P. Khinjuk rootstocks was (47.36, 49.88 cm), and the diameter was (5.59, 5.67 mm).
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