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The Image Of Women in Muhammad Al-Maghout's Poetry

صورة المرأة عند محمّد الماغوط

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 Publication date 2014
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Woman has received a great importance since the dawn of history; therefore, she reached in ancient civilizations the status of sanctity and divinity, she moved from a specific denotation to another throughout the march of Arabic poetry until she reached the image of the independent woman in the Arabic Renaissance, and afterwards she turned into a symbol, a dream in contemporary Arabic poetry. Various are the images of women in Muhammad Al-Maghout's poetry, prominent of which are perhaps: woman as a beloved, as a harlot, a mother, a wife, a daughter and a symbol-dream, thus proceeding from describing woman sensually to metaphorically, depending upon several techniques such as the paradox, surprise and flashback and others. Behind these there is a personality characterized by suffering alienation and lack of emotional self-fulfillment, and we find that woman in his eyes is not a mere beauty, but someone who makes the four directions one, namely, woman is love, leniency, a warm haven and liberty.

References used
ابن منظور، 1955 م، لسان العرب، ط 1، دار صادر، بيروت.
الماغوط، محمّد ، 2006 م، " البدوي الأحمر"، ط 1، دار المدى، دمشق.
الماغوط، محمّد ، 2006 م، سيّاف الزّىور، ط 2، دار المدى، دمشق.
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This paper attempts at focusing on analyzing the poetic structure of a pre-and-post- Islamic poet who witnessed and lived in the early Islamic and Umayyad Eras. With regard to the objective, the paper is intended to shed light on the major features and master pieces of literary output, be its prose or verse, which is the human ego, the driving force and dynamo behind any human creativity. In this regard, the paper attempts at categorizing the major subjective characteristics of a famous poet, such as Al-Farazdaq, who represented a unique phenomenon on the creative, literary, and poetic scene, through the poetic satirical exchanges with Jareer, the Umayyad poet laureate. All this is being dealt with through trying to trace the major characteristics of this ego and the impact it had left on the Arab poetic output.
يشمل الفضاء الطباعي "النَّصي" طريقة تصميم الغلاف, و وضع المطالع و الخواتيم, و تنظيم الفصول, و تشكيل العنوانات... و غيرها. و هو يفتح أفقاً تأويلياً للبحوث الأدبية, كهذا البحث الذي يحاول إظهار أهميَّة الأثر الكتابي من نوع الخط, و الألوان, و النسق التتا بعي, و البياض, و السواد, و تصميم الصفحة, في إذكاء خيال المتلقي. و يؤكد البحث أن عملية اختيار العنوان هي أعقل مرحلة يمر بها صاحب النَّص, و لقد احتلَّ مكانة خاصة في ساحات الإبداع الأدبي, مما جعل الحاجة ملحَّة لوضع علم خاص به, و مستقل, هو "علم العنونة". و يأتي هذا البحث بوصفه محاولة في قراءة كتاب "سيَّاف الزهور" لمحمد الماغوط باستخدام كل تلك الأدوات الإجرائية, مع محاولة التقيد بحدود ما تسمح به اللياقة الأدبيَّة, و المعرفة السليمة المبنيَّة على ما يقوله النَّص, فلا يجبره على ما ليس فيه.
Not only poetry has been restricted to men, but also Arab woman used to taste and write poetry since time immemorial, next to her interest in prose and narratology comparable to all Arabs at that Bedouin time—when they were still leading a simple life. However, names of women have been revealed and broadly circulated concering handling and criticizing poetry since antiquity.
Women occupied the foreground and background of poems. Poets wrote poems about her, describing her in detail. The technique used to depict these features that gave the poem its form is one that had been brought to existence by that era. This techniq ue imposed on the poem the outlines so that it came out typically representative of the prevailing social status quo. The woman, in Jahili poetry, is a beautiful image by which poets decorate the beginnings of their poems. Their relationship with the woman is on one occasion defined by exalting and respect, and on the other defined by deprecation and lust. The woman in Jahili poetry is different from the woman in Umayyad or Abbasid poetry, in terms of both status and social predisposition. Although the figure of the woman dominates poetry, it dominates it in the way the era and the poet choose. As to the status and the degeneration of the woman in the Abbasid Era, the poets' points of view vary. She is no more the appraised beauty that looks like the moon's light and the sunrise. It would be of no surprise to see poems neglecting the woman, or others referring to her along with entertainment, wine and moral degeneration. The woman becomes a symbol of seduction and corruption, represented by a cunning courtesan, or a nun.
This study aimed at investigating the image of women in Arabic language and social studies textbooks of primary and middle stages through the roles of women, the different social aspects and social status presented in the textbooks of Arabic langu age and social studies.
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