The purpose of this research is to design and realization of an electronic apparatus which is able to control the process of irrigation that depending on soil moisture .This apparatus organize the process of irrigation, when the level of soil moistur
e under a specific value that it was chosen depending on water field capacity of crop ,it operates the pump which connected with it, and when the moisture level reaches that value the pump stops working.
The apparatus consists of two parts:
The first part: An electronic circuit using a number of operational amplifiers ,some electronic elements ,and voltmeter to measure voltage between load resistance which is in serial with resistance between two probes that set in soil.
The second part: An electrical part ,which provides a secure connection between the previous electronic circuit and water pump.
This study was carried out on a simple of black soil .The relation between electrical resistance of soil and volume of water used in irrigation was drawing for three values of distance between probes and power supply. We found an intense declination curves for small values of used water volume.
A field experiment was conducted for two years 2011-2012 to evaluate the effect of various tillage implements, tillage depths and nitrogen fertilizer timing application on soil bulk density, its moisture, and peanut growth. Three different implements
were used: moldboard (MP), chisel (CP) and disk ploughs (DP). Tillage depth treatments (split-plots) included (8-10) cm, (18- 20) cm and (28- 30) cm tillage depths; D1, D2 ,D3 respectively. Timing applications (split-split- plots) were: T1 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at planting ,T2 half nitrogen applied at planting and half at flowering ,T3 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at flowering.
All tillage implements decreased soil bulk density for the tillage depth. They were for treatments (DP,CP,MP) at (0-10)cm depth (1.31,1.33,1.29) g/cm3, (1.31,1.32,1.31) g/cm3 at (10-20) cm depth and (1.36,1.37,1.35)g/cm3at(20-30) cm depth. Soil moisture increased in treatments (DP,CP) with increasing tillage depth .There was no effect of previous factors on main branches, but timing of nitrogen fertilizers (T1, T2) effected secondary branches significantly compared to T3. Moldboard significantly increased leaf area to (1.77) m2/plant compared to chisel (CP) and disk ploughs (DP). Also D2, D3 increased leaf area compared to D1. (T1, T2) significantly increased leaf area compared to T1. Interaction between timing of application and depth (D3 xT2) gave significant differences. The best value was (1.85) m2/plant for the two years.
This study was carried out in a protected area at Rangeland and Dry
Environment Research Station, belongs to ACSAD and Aleppo university in
the Muslumieh, Aleppo, during 2004, by cultivating 11 plant species belong to
three different families, Fab
aceae (3 species), Poaceae (7 species) and Rosaceae
(one species), using 4 moisture Levels (5, 10, 15 and 20 mm), and 6 seeding
depths (0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 cm). Results showed that the seeds of all the
investigated species failed to germinate at the moisture level of 5 mm, while
Onobrychis sativa (36.2%), Agropyron elongatum (53.9%), Agropyron cristatum
(36.1%), Phalaris tuberose (41.1%), Dactylis glomerata (12.2%) and
Sanguisorba minor (1.12%) germinated under 10 mm humidity. The seeds of all
investigated species germinated at the higher moisture levels (15 and 20 mm),
but the germination ratio varied between the species. The seeds of all studied
species were capable of germinating when placed at the soil surface and seeding
depth of 3 cm. The seeds of Agropyron elongatum (73.3%), Agropyron cristatum
(13.3%), Phalaris tuberosa (36.7%) were capable of germinating at depth of 5
cm. The seeds of all studied species failed to germinate at a the planting depth
of 7 cm.
Six durum cultivars were compared in relation to germination percentage,
mean germination time, and germination “Catch up” from stress under
different soil moisture contents in the labs. Both soil moisture and cultivars
have shown effects on the s
tudied parameters. Increasing moisture tension had
caused a significant reduction in the germination percentage. The cultivars
differed in their germination. Haurani 27 and Cham3 showed a higher
germination potential and their germination times were shorter than the two
varieties Bohouth 5 and Cham1. The varieties Lahn and Senator Capelli were
intermediate among the other examined cultivars.
The experiment carried out to improve the efficiency of drip
irrigation system , based on soil moisture. The indirect measure of
humidity Was used in the experiment, connected with the pointing
device (separator continued), and a control device pr
ogrammed on a
low humidity degree, which is degree the field capacity of the soil and
which value is 25%, and on a high moisture degree which is saturation degree
at 75%..
