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INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE METHOD, DEPTH AND TIMING OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON SOIL BULK DENSITY MOISTURE AND PEANUT CROP GROWTH

تأثير طريقة الحراثة و عمقها و موعد إضافة السماد الآزوتي في الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة و محتواها الرطوبي و نمو الفول السوداني

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 Publication date 2012
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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A field experiment was conducted for two years 2011-2012 to evaluate the effect of various tillage implements, tillage depths and nitrogen fertilizer timing application on soil bulk density, its moisture, and peanut growth. Three different implements were used: moldboard (MP), chisel (CP) and disk ploughs (DP). Tillage depth treatments (split-plots) included (8-10) cm, (18- 20) cm and (28- 30) cm tillage depths; D1, D2 ,D3 respectively. Timing applications (split-split- plots) were: T1 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at planting ,T2 half nitrogen applied at planting and half at flowering ,T3 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at flowering. All tillage implements decreased soil bulk density for the tillage depth. They were for treatments (DP,CP,MP) at (0-10)cm depth (1.31,1.33,1.29) g/cm3, (1.31,1.32,1.31) g/cm3 at (10-20) cm depth and (1.36,1.37,1.35)g/cm3at(20-30) cm depth. Soil moisture increased in treatments (DP,CP) with increasing tillage depth .There was no effect of previous factors on main branches, but timing of nitrogen fertilizers (T1, T2) effected secondary branches significantly compared to T3. Moldboard significantly increased leaf area to (1.77) m2/plant compared to chisel (CP) and disk ploughs (DP). Also D2, D3 increased leaf area compared to D1. (T1, T2) significantly increased leaf area compared to T1. Interaction between timing of application and depth (D3 xT2) gave significant differences. The best value was (1.85) m2/plant for the two years.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تبحث هذه الدراسة في تأثير طريقة الحراثة وعمقها وموعد إضافة السماد الآزوتي على الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة ومحتواها الرطوبي ونمو نبات الفول السوداني. تم استخدام ثلاثة أنواع من المحاريث: المحراث المطرحي القلاب، المحراث القرصي، والمحراث الحفار. أجريت الحراثة على ثلاثة أعماق: سطحية (10-18 سم)، متوسطة (18-20 سم)، وعميقة (28-30 سم). أضيف السماد الآزوتي في ثلاثة مواعيد: عند الزراعة، نصف الكمية عند الزراعة والنصف الآخر عند الإزهار، وكامل الكمية عند الإزهار. أظهرت النتائج أن جميع أنواع المحاريث أدت إلى انخفاض الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة وزيادة محتواها الرطوبي، مع تفوق المحراث المطرحي في تحسين هذه الخصائص. كما زادت مساحة المسطح الورقي وعدد الأفرع الثانوية عند إضافة السماد الآزوتي في الموعدين الأول والثاني. توصي الدراسة باستخدام المحراث المطرحي والحراثة العميقة عند زراعة الفول السوداني، وإضافة السماد الآزوتي مناصفة بين الزراعة والإزهار.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تقدم هذه الدراسة إسهامًا مهمًا في فهم تأثير طرق الحراثة وعمقها وموعد إضافة السماد الآزوتي على نمو الفول السوداني. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض الملاحظات النقدية لتحسين البحث. أولاً، قد يكون من المفيد تضمين تحليل اقتصادي لتكاليف وفوائد كل نوع من أنواع الحراثة والسماد الآزوتي. ثانيًا، لم يتم التطرق إلى تأثير هذه المعاملات على جودة المحصول النهائي، وهو جانب مهم يجب مراعاته. ثالثًا، قد تكون هناك حاجة إلى دراسات طويلة الأمد لتحديد التأثيرات المستدامة لهذه المعاملات على التربة والمحصول. وأخيرًا، يمكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تم تضمين أنواع أخرى من المحاصيل لمقارنة النتائج.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي أنواع المحاريث المستخدمة في الدراسة؟

    تم استخدام المحراث المطرحي القلاب، المحراث القرصي، والمحراث الحفار.

  2. ما هي الأعماق التي أجريت عليها الحراثة؟

    أجريت الحراثة على ثلاثة أعماق: سطحية (10-18 سم)، متوسطة (18-20 سم)، وعميقة (28-30 سم).

  3. ما هو تأثير موعد إضافة السماد الآزوتي على عدد الأفرع الثانوية؟

    زاد عدد الأفرع الثانوية عند إضافة السماد الآزوتي في الموعدين الأول والثاني مقارنة بالموعد الثالث.

  4. ما هي التوصيات الرئيسية للدراسة؟

    توصي الدراسة باستخدام المحراث المطرحي والحراثة العميقة عند زراعة الفول السوداني، وإضافة السماد الآزوتي مناصفة بين الزراعة والإزهار.


References used
Abu-Hamdeh.2004. The effect of tillage treatments on soil water holding capacity and on. soil physical properties ISCO 2004 - 13th International Soil Conservation Organization. Conference – Brisbane, July Conserving Soil and Water for Society:Sharing Solutions
Ahmadi, H., Mollazade, K. (2009). Effect of plowing depth and soil moisture content on . reduced secondary tillage, Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR EJournal,11, 19
Akparov,M.N ,(1989) . Plant PhysioLogy . Inst.chem. and nutrition Plant ,Taskent Pub . Fan,183
Alamouti, M. Y., and M. Navabzadeh. 2007. Investigating of plowing depth effect on some soil physical properties. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10:4510 – 4514
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A field experiment was conducted in Agriculture collage –Tishreen University for two years 2011&2012 to evaluate the effect of tillage depths and nitrogen fertilizer timing application on growth productivity indicators and seeds' chemical compositi on of peanut plant. The experiment was designed in split plots with three replicates. The main plots included shallow tillage (8-10) cm, medium tillage (18- 20) cm and deep tillage (28- 30) cm tillage depths D1, D2, D3 respectively. Timing application (split- plots) were: T1 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at planting ,T2 half nitrogen applied at planting and half at flowering ,T3 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at flowering .Deep tillage caused significant differences and increased leaf area index to (11.93,11.80) for the two seasons respectively . For dry weight/plant were (285.9, 266.6) g for two seasons respectively and seeds index arrived highest values (74.32, 74.53) g for two seasons respectively. Tillage depth increased protein and oil percentage in seeds, but the effect was insignificant. Timing of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on leaf area index. The best values were (11.80, 11.60) for two seasons respectively in the treatment T2, and dry weight/plant (283.0, 263.4) g/plant respectively. Significant effect was observed for seeds index. The highest values were (74.41, 74.21) g for two seasons respectively in the treatment T2, so that for protein percentage in seeds arrived highest values (24.35, 25.24) % respectively in the treatment T2. But the highest values of oil percentage were (47.10, 47.21) % for two seasons respectively in the treatmentT3. Interaction (D x T) had significant effect on leaf area index. The best values were (12.53, 12.07) for two season respectively at (D3 x T2) interaction treatments. This interaction had no significant effects on the rest of the indicators
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