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Register a new userINFLUENCE OF TILLAGE METHOD, DEPTH AND TIMING OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON SOIL BULK DENSITY MOISTURE AND PEANUT CROP GROWTH
تأثير طريقة الحراثة و عمقها و موعد إضافة السماد الآزوتي في الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة و محتواها الرطوبي و نمو الفول السوداني
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نفذت التجربة لدراسة تأثير أنواع مختلفة من المحاريث، و أعماق حراثة مختلفة، و موعد إضافة السماد الآزوتي على الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة، و بعض مؤشرات النمو للفول السوداني (عدد الأفرع الرئيسية و عدد الأفرع الثانوية و مساحة المسطح الورقي). استخدمت ثلاثة أنواع من المحاريث : المحراث المطرحي القلاب (MP)، المحراث القرصي (DP)، المحراث الحفار أو الشاق (CP ). أجريت الحراثة على ثلاثة أعماق: حراثة سطحية (D1 (8-10 سم، حراثة متوسطة (D2 (18-20 سم، حراثة عميقة D3 (28-30) سم، أضيف السماد الآزوتي في ثلاثة مواعيد: الموعد الأول أضيفت كامل الكمية عند الزراعة T1، الموعد الثاني أضيف الآزوت مناصفةً عند الزراعة و عند الإزهار T2، الموعد الثالث أضيفت كامل الكمية عند الإزهار T3. انخفضت الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة باستخدام كل أنواع المحاريث حتى عمق الحراثة، و بلغت قيم الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة على التوالي للمعاملات (MP,CP,DP) في العمق (10-0) سم (1.29,1.33,1.31) غ/سم3، و (1.31,1.32,1.31) غ/سم3 في العمق (20-10) سم، و (1.35,1.37,1.36) غ/سم3 في العمق (30-20) سم. ترافقت الكثافة الظاهرية المنخفضة في معاملتي المحراث القرصي DP و المحراث المطرحي MP بزيادة المحتوى الرطوبي في كافة طبقات التربة، و ازداد المحتوى الرطوبي بزيادة عمق الحراثة. لم يتأثر عدد الأفرع الرئيسية في نبات الفول السوداني بالمعاملات السابقة، و ازداد عدد الأفرع الثانوية معنوياً بتأثير موعد إضافة الآزوت و بلغت قيمها (11.26,12.05,12.31) فرع/نبات للمعاملات (T3,T2,T1) على التوالي. تفوق المحراث المطرحي MP معنوياً في زيادة مساحة المسطح الورقي إلى(1.77) م2/نبات، و تفوقت معنوياً الحراثة المتوسطة D2 و الحراثة العميقة D3 على الحراثة السطحية D1 في زيادة مساحة المسطح الورقي، كذلك تفوق معنوياً الموعد الأول T1 و الموعد الثاني T2 على الموعد الثالث T3، و أدى التفاعل بين عمق الحراثة و موعد إضافة الآزوت إلى تفوق المعاملتين (D3xT2) معنوياً في زيادة مساحة المسطح الورقي إلى أعلى قيمة (1.85) م2/نبات.
A field experiment was conducted for two years 2011-2012 to evaluate the effect of various tillage implements, tillage depths and nitrogen fertilizer timing application on soil bulk density, its moisture, and peanut growth. Three different implements were used: moldboard (MP), chisel (CP) and disk ploughs (DP). Tillage depth treatments (split-plots) included (8-10) cm, (18- 20) cm and (28- 30) cm tillage depths; D1, D2 ,D3 respectively. Timing applications (split-split- plots) were: T1 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at planting ,T2 half nitrogen applied at planting and half at flowering ,T3 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at flowering. All tillage implements decreased soil bulk density for the tillage depth. They were for treatments (DP,CP,MP) at (0-10)cm depth (1.31,1.33,1.29) g/cm3, (1.31,1.32,1.31) g/cm3 at (10-20) cm depth and (1.36,1.37,1.35)g/cm3at(20-30) cm depth. Soil moisture increased in treatments (DP,CP) with increasing tillage depth .There was no effect of previous factors on main branches, but timing of nitrogen fertilizers (T1, T2) effected secondary branches significantly compared to T3. Moldboard significantly increased leaf area to (1.77) m2/plant compared to chisel (CP) and disk ploughs (DP). Also D2, D3 increased leaf area compared to D1. (T1, T2) significantly increased leaf area compared to T1. Interaction between timing of application and depth (D3 xT2) gave significant differences. The best value was (1.85) m2/plant for the two years.
References used
Abu-Hamdeh.2004. The effect of tillage treatments on soil water holding capacity and on. soil physical properties ISCO 2004 - 13th International Soil Conservation Organization. Conference – Brisbane, July Conserving Soil and Water for Society:Sharing Solutions
Ahmadi, H., Mollazade, K. (2009). Effect of plowing depth and soil moisture content on . reduced secondary tillage, Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR EJournal,11, 19
Akparov,M.N ,(1989) . Plant PhysioLogy . Inst.chem. and nutrition Plant ,Taskent Pub . Fan,183
Alamouti, M. Y., and M. Navabzadeh. 2007. Investigating of plowing depth effect on some soil physical properties. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10:4510 – 4514
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A field experiment was conducted in Agriculture collage –Tishreen University for two years 2011&2012 to evaluate the effect of tillage depths and nitrogen fertilizer timing application on growth productivity indicators and seeds' chemical compositi
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The experiment was carried out in Tartous Governorate in the Qubeiba region in the two agricultural seasons 2011 and 2012 to study the effect of different types of ploughs, the depth of plowing, and the timing of adding nitrogen fertilizer on some ph
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adding four different levels of phosphogypsum as much as (0.00,
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soil specially (0.25-1)mm, increasing in aggregation degree ,
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these treatments on some growth attributes and yield to peanut
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