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Register a new userStudying the Influence of Climatic Factors on Radial Increment of Brutia Pine pinus brutia.Ten Grown in Kfarfo Forest – Tartus - Syria
دراسة تأثير الظروف المناخية في النمو الشعاعي للصنوبر البروتي Pinus brutia.Ten في غابة كفرفو– طرطوس
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تستخدم طرق التأريخ الشجري (Dendrochronology) لدراسة استجابة حلقات نمو الأشجار للظروف المحيطة, حيث أن سماكة حلقات النمو تتأثر بقوة بالظروف البيئية و خاصة المناخية منها. و بهدف دراسة حلقات النمو للصنوبر البروتي في غابة كفرفو- طرطوس/سورية, تم انتقاء اثنتي عشر شجرة سائدة (Dominant Tree) من الصنوبر البروتي المشجر, استخدم مسبر بريسلر للحصول على عينتين متعامدتين على مستوى ارتفاع الصدر من كل شجرة. بعد معاملة العينات أجريت عملية التأريخ البيني ( Cross-Dating), و تم قياس سماكة حلقات النمو بدقة 0.01 ملم. في النتيجة حصلنا على سلسلة تتألف من 31 حلقة, تغطي الفترة من (1983-2013). تميزت حلقات النمو للمواسم 1999-1998, 2007-2008 ,2009-2010 بضيقها, و حلقات النمو للمواسم 1985-1986, 1991-1992, 2002-2003 بسماكتها, بينما شهدت المواسم 1996-1997, 1994-1995, 1986-1987 تشكل حلقات كاذبة. و تبين أن انخفاض الهطل المترافق مع ارتفاع لدرجة الحرارة خلال فترات النمو يشجع تشكل حلقة ضيقة. في حين أن ازدياد كمية الهطل في الشتاء المترافق مع انخفاض درجة الحرارة يشجع ازدياد عرض حلقات النمو.
Dendrochronology methods are used to study the response of tree rings to environmental factors, where tree rings width are strongly influenced by environmental factors especially climatic ones. In order to study tree rings of brutia pine in Kfarfo forest – Tartus, 12 dominant trees were selected, using increment drill two perpendicular core samples at breast height from each tree were extracted. After treatment, the core samples were cross dated. Tree-rings widths were measured to the nearest 0.01 mm. Consequently, a series of 31 tree rings covering the period 1983-2013 was obtained. Results showed that, tree rings of the years: 1998-1999, 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 were clearly narrow; while rings of the years: 1985-1986, 1991-1992, and 2002-2003 were obviously wide. Whereas, rings of the years: 1986-1987, 1994-1995, 1996 and 1997 were absent. Finally, results reveal that, as precipitation decreased corresponding with temperature increase in the growing season; narrow rings were recorded. While, increasing winter precipitation corresponding with temperature decrease leaded to increase in ring width.
References used
BERGER, A. L. ; GUIOT, J. ; MATHIEU, L. ; MUNAUT, A. V. Tree -Rings and Climate in Morocco. Tree -Ring Bulletin , 1979, Vol. 39, P64
BLUNDEN, J. ; ARNDT, D. S. ; BARINGER, M. O. State of the Climate in 2010. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., V 92 (6), 2011, p208-209
BRÉDA, N. ; BADEAU, V. Forest Tree Responses To Extreme Drought And Some Biotic Events: Towards a selection according to hazard tolerance. Science Direct, Comptes Rendus Geoscience, V. 340, I. 9–10, 2008, 651–662
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Brutia pine tree grows radially and gives one ring per year, the width of
this ring is determined by environmental conditions especially by climatic
ones. Dendroclimatology concerns with studying the response of tree rings
to climatic conditions.
In order to study the radial growth of brutia pine
planted 1975 in Heir Brafa, Tartous, Syria.
This research aimed to investigate the competitive situation and the growth
reduction as a result of competition for brutia pine trees grown in
Kafardabeel stand – Jableh. In the year 2015, 15 circle plots (with area size
of 400 m²) in the study a
rea planted in 1974 were sampled; all variations in
the site like tree density, aspect, slop, topography and site fertility were
covered. In the sample plot diameter at breast height of all trees and also
coordinates of central tree and coordinates of all compotators as well as
were measured. In order to study the competitive situation, two different
types of competition indices: position dependent (Heygi1, Heygi2, BAL) and
position independent (CCF) indices were used.
The importance of this modern technology (remote sensing) follows from the fact that it allows estimating the wood stock by knowing the value of the NDVI index, which reduces the high cost and great effort needed by traditional forestry measurements.
This study was conducted in many natural sites in Al-Bayer and Al-Bassitregions
inLattakiawhere there isthe main natural distribution of Brutia pine in Syria. The aim of the
study is to analyse the relationship between the maincharacteristics of fo
rest stands (forest
mensuration) associated with silviculturetreatments, and plant diversity in the herbaceous
layer of the forest. 32 circular plotsof 400 m2were sampled. Forest characteristics, plant
species number and abundance(using Braun-Planquetindices)were recordedin each plot.
Many diversity indices (SpeciesRichness, Shannon, Jaccard) were calculated.
Species richness in the herbaceous layer correlated positively with age and
negatively with volume, basal area, and forest cover in the over story. The effect of forest
characteristics was more important on the vegetation composition than on the species
richnessor Shannon index averages in the samples. Age was the most important
characteristic influencing the vegetation composition, hence, the similarity between
different age stages (expressed in Jaccard index).
It is suggested in this study that when studying forest silviculture and management
plans and when conserving biodiversity, life formsand functions must be considered
instead ofthe traditional index.
Pinus brutia cover 67.87% of AlFronloq protected area, this forest provide habitat
for wildlife especially forest birds. The aim of this study is to define bird species that use
Pinus brutia forest and their relation to vegetation characteristics.W
e listed 63 bird species,
9 of them recorded for first time, 31.8% of species are resident in study area, where
raptors presented 15.9%.
The study showed positive correlation between species richness and plant richness
(R=0.588, P= 0.007). Shrubs layer coverage and richness affected positively bird species
richness and density. The study showed also decreasing of bird species richness with
Altitude, while raptors richness were increased with Altitude.The dominat species were
Coal tit Parus ater, wren Troglodytes troglodytes ,whereas species like Chaffinch Fringilla
coelebs, chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita were the most abundant.
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