The effect of polymer (Carboxymethelcellulose ) treatment of different soils of 16 Tishreen lake basin on the Mean Diameter of Weighted Granulares by using 5 concentrations of polymer (0-5-10-20-25 )mg/L , and Relative Flocculation Index was studied
. The rate of runoff and the amount soil eroded were studied as well by exposing 3 soils treated with different concentrations of polymer ( 0-10-20 Kg/ha ) to rainfall intensity (30 mm/ hour) by using simulated rainfall .
The results showed significant increase of soils MWD treated with polymer compared to the control , and decrease of slaking values and light absorption which lead to increase Relative Flocculation Index .
The runoffrate of soils (2 ,3, 4 )treated with polymer decreased by 18% and 31.8% , 16.7% and 50% , and by 53.3% and 46.7% , respectively, compared to the control.
The amount of lossingsoil was diminished by treatment with polymer ( 10-20 Kg/ha) by 18.3% and 40.8% , 25.9% and 39.2% and by 52% and 53.4% in soils 2 , 3 and 4 , respectively .
The aim of the study is repairing some partially damaged
archeological wood and restoration it before being completely
damaged. For achieving this aim, the radiation technology was used in preparing some polymer blends such as Poly (vinyl alcohol)
(PVA), Poly ethylene glycol (PEG), acrylic acid (AAC), and Acryl amid (AAm) to improving adhesion forces of polymer with wood and protecting it. The results show that the best mechanical
properties was achieved by using Poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA), acrylic
acid (AAC), and acryl amid (AAm). Also, results show that by
increasing the ratio of acrylic acid (AAC), the tensile strength,
adhesion force, hardness, transparency, are increasing. The best
tensile strength obtained was 4.79 MPa for polymer blends contains 18/% acrylic acid, 6% acryl amid, 12% poly (vinyl alcohol) when exposing to Ultra-Violet ray dose of 210 . Results, also showed that the exposing of wood to Ultra-Violet ray dose of 250 [Gry] was enough for doing sterilization, purification.
The presented work here is focused mainly on the study of physic-chemical changes of organic material by
the electron -beam direct- writing technique. The organic polymer studied here is (diethyene glycol bis
(allycarbonate)) called CR39. The most
important changes that we will focus on are the depth of
penetration of the electronic beam as a function of the energy of electrons. This penetration will lead to an
increase in the refractive index of this material, which can allow the formation of components and
integrated optical circuits to be used in optical communications.
The first phase of this work will allow us to study the physico-chemical changes in organic material under
effect of low energy of electronc beams which are the domain of our interest (from 5 keV to 25 keV),
corresponding to the possibility of forming optical structures with very small dimensions and without the
need to mask technology which is used by ion beams, and these structures can be used in optical
communications.
Therefore, in the second phase of this study, we will make use of these changes and we will verify the
possibility of acquiring guided electromagnetic propagation through a structure of identical dimensions to
the employed electronic energy.
This structure can constitute the main element in formulating integrated optical circuits: such as Bragg
grating, Optical filters.
This research was performed to improve the quality of Bituminous mixes, and improve the thermal resistance of the surface bituminous layer, the bitumen has a various changes, that which begins from the production of the bituminous mixture in high tem
peratures, these changes continues to the phase of it's use. For this purpose, SBS(Styrene Butadien Styrene) was selected to be an improving material to bitumen according to the rate: 3.5% for SBS.in my research I work on modifying the local bitumen by adding the SBS so that the modified bitumen can be used to design bituminous mixes within the limits of bituminous mixes designed specifications, and improve it's thermal resistance. some experiments were held to determine the qualities of the modified and unmodified bitumen,befor and after Lose Of Heating, the results were within the specifications 'limits. According to Marshal's method, samples of Bituminous mixes were prepared for all Bituminous sorts used in our research. These samples were put under required tests, and samples were prepared according to an ideal rate of Bitumen. the result was the Bitumen modified by adding SBS improve the quality of Bitumen to thermal resistance.
In this research we have prepared thin films from poly vinyl chloride (PVC) by spin
coating technique in three velocities (1000,2000,3000)RPM on glass substrate (Micro
scope cover glass), at room temperature. The absorbance A, and transmittance T f
or the
films were studied in the visible and ultra-violet region (UV-VIS). In addition,we have
calculated the absorbance coefficient α, skin depth δ, refractive index no, dielectric
constant ε (the real part and the imaginary part), also we have calculated the energy band
gap of allowed and forbidden direct transitions.
The films showed high transmittance (80-90)%, in the infrared region as a function
of the spinning velocity and took the maximum value 80% for the velocity 1000RPM, and
90% for the velocity 3000RPM, and the refractive index was decreased with the velocity
increase, we found it between3.67 and 4.56 for the velocities 3000RPM and 1000RPM
respectively. Whereas the skin depth δ decreased with the increasing of velocity, the
minimum value was 0.0000531cm for the velocity 3000RPM and the maximum value was
almost 0.00023cm for the velocity 1000RPM.
In this research we studied the relationship between the optical conductivity Ϭop and
photon energy (hν), the absorbance coefficient (α), transmittance (T), the refractive index
(no), and the real part and imaginary part of dielectric constant (εr,
εi), the spinning velocity
of deposition device (v), for a specific wave length (600nm), for a pure thin film prepared
from an organic polymer material, Polystyrene (PS), by spin coating technique, on three
velocities ( 1000-2000-3000)RPM, in room temperature and 1atm.
It was shown that the PS film is a transmittive film with a transmittance values
reach ( 85 – 90 )% in the infrared region, and the optical conductivity Ϭop increased with
the photon energy, and for the velocity 1000RPM it took the highest value ( 1.67 X
1014 )1/sec, at the photon energy (hν =3.1 ev) and the wave length ( λ= 400nm ),
which means that the optical conductivity Ϭop is active in the visible region, and also it
decreases with the spinning velocity.
The values of energy gap for allowed direct transitions were (2.5ev), (2.4ev), (2.3ev)
for the films prepared on 1000RPM, 2000RPM, 3000RPM, and for the forbidden direct
transitions were (2.3ev), (2.2ev), (2.1ev) respectively .
The biggest value of Urbach energy Eu was (163mev) on the velocity 1000RPM and
the lowest value was (109mev) on the velocity 3000RPM.
The recent synthesis of the new polymers has been profoundly affected by
the unique characteristics of Dimer Acid.
These polymers were made up following the condensation with
triethanolamine when was treated in melted phase.
We performed identifi
cation of the physical characteristics of the polymers
such as the molecular weight, in addition to the acid value and hydroxyl value.
Infrared spectroscopy have been used in identification of this polymer.
Also, the rheological behavior has been assessed thermally and shearing
stress by using capillary viscometer.
Our results revealed a reduction in the viscosity with increase of the
shearing stress as will as with rise in the temperature.
In this research a proper amount solvent has been for Neoprene
rubber to give it the required viscosity. Zinc oxide has also been
added with different ratios to improve the process of adhesion. We
made compound substances on the basis of Neoprene
and
improved them with glass fibers by means of different ways of
solidification, and with different weight ratios by means of manual
molding through designing a wooden mould containing five parts
with certain measurements, and studying the orientation of these
fibers and their effects on some mechanical characteristics of
Neoprene rubber.
This work investigated some characters of the ion-exchanger. The prepared
ion exchanger was carried out from the reaction of a waste rubber with
concentrated sulphuric acid, through the interchange of its counter ion with the
metal - ions of “Cu٢+
and Ni٢+“. Many observation were seen:
First, the capacity of the exchanger has greater value (٤ meq/g) in the case
of “Ni٢+” ion.
Asphalt plays the role of envelope and bonding in asphalt gable, and is exposed to a range
of changes that start from the stage of production of asphalt mosses to the stage of
investment under the influence of traffic loads and weather factors. The
aim of this
research is to investigate the possibility of using polypropylene polymer to modify the
properties of the asphalt binder and to increase its resistance to high temperatures and
different climatic conditions by modifying the asphalt by adding polypropylene by (1, 2, 3,
4, 6, 8%) And perform traditional tests on modified asphalt samples . Using Thin film oven
test RTFOT test to perform the short-term Aging on normal and modified asphalt samples,
heat loss, residual Penetration and aging index, And conduct a structural composition test
to determine asphalt compounds. The results of the study showed that the values of
Penetration tend to decrease with the increase of the percentage of addition while the
degree of Softening point. The results showed increased resistance of asphalt modified to
the thermal conditions. The optimum percentage of polypropylene is 3% Loss on heat at
the lowest level.
