This study was conducted during the period 2014-2016 in the nursery College of
Agriculture, University of Tishreen, this study aimed to calculate the percentage of
germination of the seeds of Laurus nobilis and Pinus pinea using different proportio
ns of
olive cake with a mixture Arboretum, and study some of the planter resulting properties as
well as some physical and chemical characteristics of agricultural mixture that used. were
analyzed using spss statistical program
The mixing nursery soil (sand, soil 1: 1) with olive cake rates (25,50,75,100)% .
assessment: germination percentage, wet and dry weight of shoot and root grouped,
volumetric weight, moisture middle and chemical characteristics. , For germination
percentage it has increased every germination of seeds of laurel and pine fruiting increase
the proportion of bagasse in the agricultural center in general ratio, and on the contrary has
increased wet weight of shoots with decreasing proportion of olive cake in both types
studied. For the physical properties there was a decrease in the volumetric weight of the
agricultural community to increase the proportion of the studied olive cake, as soil
moisture ratio increased to increase the proportion of bagasse. Rich agricultural circles
used container Regarding chemical properties have been observed on the olive cake metal
elements (iron, magnesium and copper), The salinity and acidity remained within normal
limits, so the study has demonstrated the validity of the use of olive cake as a medium for
planting in whole or in part agricultural mixtures used in nurseries.
The research was performed during the three years from 2011 in the coastal area
“Lattakia and Tartous” The study of soil erosion has been traced in eight occasional sites in
the coastal area, Gradient in its slope degree from 10% to 45% . the eight
sites has also
been studied under the three systems “Forests, burned forests , planted soil”
The results shows, that the dangerous of the Water erosion in the coastal area soils
especially in the slopes that is more than 15%, the drift reached scary figures that ranged
between 32.5 ton/Hectares when the slope was 10%, and 165 ton/hectares when the slope
was 45% in the agricultural system (Where the surface of the soil is semi-disgrace), These
amounts ranged between 9 and 56.5 t / hectares/year in the burned forest system and
between 1.4 and 15 t / hectares/year in the forest system.
The runoff of rain water may range between 24 and 59.20 in the forest system versus
6.8 and 32.8 in the burned forest systems and, finally, between 2.9 and 16.8 in the forest
system.
Dendrochronology methods are used to study the response of tree rings to
environmental factors, where tree rings width are strongly influenced by environmental
factors especially climatic ones. In order to study tree rings of brutia pine in Kfarfo
forest –
Tartus, 12 dominant trees were selected, using increment drill two perpendicular core
samples at breast height from each tree were extracted. After treatment, the core samples
were cross dated. Tree-rings widths were measured to the nearest 0.01 mm. Consequently,
a series of 31 tree rings covering the period 1983-2013 was obtained. Results showed that,
tree rings of the years: 1998-1999, 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 were clearly narrow; while
rings of the years: 1985-1986, 1991-1992, and 2002-2003 were obviously wide. Whereas,
rings of the years: 1986-1987, 1994-1995, 1996 and 1997 were absent. Finally, results
reveal that, as precipitation decreased corresponding with temperature increase in the
growing season; narrow rings were recorded. While, increasing winter precipitation
corresponding with temperature decrease leaded to increase in ring width.
This research was carried out during the years (2010 – 2014), in
order to study the vigour for trees of six wild olive types which were
selected from the natural forest (In situ) in Moseif region, and the
vegetative rooted cutting at 4 years old in the nursery (Ex situ) in
comparison with The variety Al Safrawi.
This research aims at evaluating the effect of fire on the erosion of burned forest soils
after rainfall. The research was carried out during (2010/2011) in a pine forest near the
village of Ein Al-Jaouz at an altitude of 900m, north east Tartous g
overnorate. The forest
had a fire in October 2009.
Ten metal plots (2m2 each plot) were used to evaluate soil erosion, five plots in the
burned part of the forest and another five plots in the unburned part.
The runoff coefficient, soil erosion rate, soil pH and rate of some mineral elements
(Ca++, K+ , Mg++) were estimated and compared in the two parts.
This study showed that the runoff coefficient was three times as great on the burned
part as on the unburned part, and the rate of soil erosion was 7.22 Mg/ha in the burned part
and 0.1Mg/ha in the unburned part. This shows the impact of fire in increasing soil erosion
and runoff. This study also showed the difference in cation concentrations in the runoff
water between the two parts.
The study reveals the importance of protecting forests against fire. This is to limit
soil erosion and its economic and environmental consequences.
Pinus brutia cover 67.87% of AlFronloq protected area, this forest provide habitat
for wildlife especially forest birds. The aim of this study is to define bird species that use
Pinus brutia forest and their relation to vegetation characteristics.W
e listed 63 bird species,
9 of them recorded for first time, 31.8% of species are resident in study area, where
raptors presented 15.9%.
The study showed positive correlation between species richness and plant richness
(R=0.588, P= 0.007). Shrubs layer coverage and richness affected positively bird species
richness and density. The study showed also decreasing of bird species richness with
Altitude, while raptors richness were increased with Altitude.The dominat species were
Coal tit Parus ater, wren Troglodytes troglodytes ,whereas species like Chaffinch Fringilla
coelebs, chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita were the most abundant.
This study was conducted in many natural sites in Al-Bayer and Al-Bassitregions
inLattakiawhere there isthe main natural distribution of Brutia pine in Syria. The aim of the
study is to analyse the relationship between the maincharacteristics of fo
rest stands (forest
mensuration) associated with silviculturetreatments, and plant diversity in the herbaceous
layer of the forest. 32 circular plotsof 400 m2were sampled. Forest characteristics, plant
species number and abundance(using Braun-Planquetindices)were recordedin each plot.
Many diversity indices (SpeciesRichness, Shannon, Jaccard) were calculated.
Species richness in the herbaceous layer correlated positively with age and
negatively with volume, basal area, and forest cover in the over story. The effect of forest
characteristics was more important on the vegetation composition than on the species
richnessor Shannon index averages in the samples. Age was the most important
characteristic influencing the vegetation composition, hence, the similarity between
different age stages (expressed in Jaccard index).
It is suggested in this study that when studying forest silviculture and management
plans and when conserving biodiversity, life formsand functions must be considered
instead ofthe traditional index.
This research aimed to evaluate the growth and productivity of planted Pinus pinea
in pure stands at "DAHR AL SORANI" forest site. The site is about 50 km north east of
Tartous city, which is located in Temperate-Humid Bioclimate Zone.
Results sho
wed that the stands were not equivalent in growth indicators; this was due
to many factors affecting growth like site characteristics and trees density…etc. In spite of
the mediocre values of form factor, the volume and mean of annual increment was not
influenced.
Results revealed that the mean values of tree density was 851 trees/ha and ranged
between 350 - 1975 trees/ha, woody volume was averaged at 116.337 m3/ha and
ranged between 51.6519 - 215.3635 m3/ha; annual increment had also an average of 4.4548
m3/ha/year and ranged between 1.9866 - 7.9764 m3/ha/year.
The study showed a high straightness of pine. Pinus pinea trees had very rarely
forked boles.
This study was carried out at three different forest sites in Syria in order to
determine the effect of changing rainfall, temperature and soil on kernel
productivity of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.)> these sites included: Jabal Alnabi
Mata, (Tartou
s province, L1), Dahr Alkhoser (Homs province, L2) and E′en
Jron site (Idleb province, L3). Results showed that kernel productivity of stone
pine per tree was 236.3, 252.8, 143 g per tree, and 177, 162.3, and 86.98 kg per
hectare in L1, L2, and L3, respectively. These differences were attributed due
to the variation in the composition, textured and fertility of the soil available in
the three locations studied. It was concluded that trees of stone pine grow better
and superior in Kernel productivity in humid and super-humid bioclimatic
zone.
