Professional sport occupied a prominent place in public life in the
last century, especially football, which has become the most popular
sport in the whole world, for this purpose sports venues (stadiums)
has been to build and develop to be a cent
er held the sporting events
and accommodate the largest number of audience who follow it, and
to meet the needs of this growing audience and its requirements
(comfort, easy access, protection ......). which form a challenge for
designers and structural engineers to design a stadium that meets
these requirements constitutes urban monument of aesthetic and
constructional and technical. This research deals with football
stadiums and its development through history, the basics of its
design (the basic principles in the design-the speed of unloading
terraced-external factors affecting), the recommendations of FIFA
in the field of design and construction of sports stadiums (matters to
be considered during the design process-location of the stadium) ,
the most important methods of construction used in covering sports
stadiums (Post and beam-goal post structure-cantilever structure -
shellfish concrete- compression/tension ring - tension structures -
air-supported roofs - space frames –retractable roofs) and the
materials used in the coverage, so that it is a simplified manual
covers all aspects of design and construction.
Poor productivity of construction workers is one of the causes of cost and time overruns in
construction projects. Productivity plays an important role in the construction industry.
Productivity is one of the most important issues in both developed
and developing countries. This
paper reports an investigation of the productivity problems in Syrian construction projects through
a structured questionnaire survey. The main objective of this study is to determine and rank the
factors that affecting labour productivity. 76 factors were identified through a detailed literature
review and interview with projects managers. a questionnaire survey was designed and distributed
to staff of various construction companies. The data obtained was analysed using the relative
importance index. The results from the analysis revealed ten major factors affecting labour
productivity in Syrian construction industry. These
factors are: poor salary, material shortage, financial condition of contractor, poor safety
instructions, size of workshop, rewards shortage, payment delay, low training, and low incentives.
