study of tobacco west compost and organic fertilizer on some physical and chemical properties of clay soil

The effect of clay soil treatment with two levels of tobacco west compost and organic fertilizer (15 and 30 ton/ h), in addition to mineral fertilizer treatment, with three replicates of each treatment on some physical properties (Aggregate size distribution, main weight diameter, bulk density and porosity) and chemical properties (Organic carbon, humic and volvic acid and humification index for big and small soil aggregates was studied. The results showed that tobacco west compost and organic fertilizer were effective in increment of soil content of organic carbon, which reached (20 and 26%) for organic fertilizer, and (39 and 45%) for compost compared to the control, conducing to ameliorate soil physical properties, where The main weight diameter, stable aggregate rate and soil porosity were increased. Whereas, bulk density decreased significantly in both treatments compared to the control. Compost treatment affect soil physical properties more than organic fertilizer.Mineral fertilizer decreased soil content of organic carbon compared to the control. Humic and volvic acids contents were between 2.12 and 74.3 mg/kg aggregates in the control,and compost treatments alternatively in macro aggregates (> 2mm). Wile, volvic acid values were between 0.93 mg/kg in control for small aggregates (< 0.25), and 3.17 mg/kg aggregates in mineral fertilizer treatment for (0.25 – 2) aggregates. Humification index values were less than 2 in macro aggregates, while it was bigger than 2 in small aggregates.

The effect of Olive Mill waste water(OMWW) on some soil properties and its content of some micro elements and the quality of tomato plant grown in the green house

A research was carried out at Al-Sanouber research station in Lattakia in 2013/2014 season ,The research included six treatments with four replicates for each treatment. Six treatments used of OMWW (0 , 10 , 20 , 30 , 40 , 50) l/m2. The OMWW has been added 40 days before planting. Samples of soil have been taken before adding OMWW, then after one and two months from planting, and at the end of the season in order to make some physical and chemical analysis and also to know the concentration of some micro elements .

The Influence of adding different Levels of phospho-gypsum on bulk density and structure stability of clay soil

This research is done in an experiment by plaster in the circumstances of Homs. The aim of this paper to study the effect of adding four different levels of phosphogypsum as much as (0.00, 6.72, 13.44, 20.16)ton / hectare (three replicates for each treatment) on bulk density and structure stability for clay soil has taken from (Kattina). The results showed improvement in the stability of the structure of soil specially (0.25-1)mm, increasing in aggregation degree , increasing of the rate of total porosity ,air filled porosity in comparison to the control at the two levels(13.44, 20.16)ton/hectare and also by increasing the added level . Whereas the dispersion ratio , and Bulk density were decreased when increasing the level of phosphogypsum at the same two levels. The main achieved results in this study showed , a significant increase in aggregation degree in the soil when increasing the ratio of the added phosphogypsum at the levels( 6.72, 13.44, 20.16) in comparasion with control . In other way the dispersion ratio was decreased and had negative relationship when increasing the level of the added phosphogypsum in comparasion with control .

Improve some of the physical properties of the soil using some organic materials

This study was conducted during the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 seasons in Abu-Jarash orchards area in Damascus to identify the effect of improved organic materials as sludge, manure and compost in improving some soil physical characteristics and wheat productivity. Results showed that the three types of organic material affected the physical characteristics of the studied soil. They decreased its bulk density, increased its total porosity and increased its ability of holding water at field capacity. Results also showed that the compost of city wastes was the best in improving soil physical properties. The three organic materials, particularly the sludge increased the total productivity of wheat (Sham3).

INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE METHOD, DEPTH AND TIMING OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON SOIL BULK DENSITY MOISTURE AND PEANUT CROP GROWTH

A field experiment was conducted for two years 2011-2012 to evaluate the effect of various tillage implements, tillage depths and nitrogen fertilizer timing application on soil bulk density, its moisture, and peanut growth. Three different implements were used: moldboard (MP), chisel (CP) and disk ploughs (DP). Tillage depth treatments (split-plots) included (8-10) cm, (18- 20) cm and (28- 30) cm tillage depths; D1, D2 ,D3 respectively. Timing applications (split-split- plots) were: T1 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at planting ,T2 half nitrogen applied at planting and half at flowering ,T3 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at flowering. All tillage implements decreased soil bulk density for the tillage depth. They were for treatments (DP,CP,MP) at (0-10)cm depth (1.31,1.33,1.29) g/cm3, (1.31,1.32,1.31) g/cm3 at (10-20) cm depth and (1.36,1.37,1.35)g/cm3at(20-30) cm depth. Soil moisture increased in treatments (DP,CP) with increasing tillage depth .There was no effect of previous factors on main branches, but timing of nitrogen fertilizers (T1, T2) effected secondary branches significantly compared to T3. Moldboard significantly increased leaf area to (1.77) m2/plant compared to chisel (CP) and disk ploughs (DP). Also D2, D3 increased leaf area compared to D1. (T1, T2) significantly increased leaf area compared to T1. Interaction between timing of application and depth (D3 xT2) gave significant differences. The best value was (1.85) m2/plant for the two years.

Physical properties of two soil types from Darya and Abe Jerash and the relationships among their components

This study was conducted at Darya and Abe Jerash regions to study some Physical properties of the two soil types such as: soil depth, soil texture, bulk density, Specific weight and Porosity. Results showed that Bulk density average decreased and the total porosity increased in the soil of Darya compared to soil of Abe Jerash, due to the high percentage of clay in the first type compared to the second one. Bulk density average in general, increased in both soils with depth. Presence of a strong and positive relationship between the Specific weight and the percentage of sand in the soil of Darya and it was also strong but inverse in the soil of Abe Jerash, but the relationship was. The coefficient of determination was high for silt with Specific weight in the soil of Darya, while this factor was low in the soil of abe Jerash, indicating the high quality of the regression equation that represents the relationship between the two variables in soil of Darya.

Evaluation Of Some Soil Physical Characteristics Of Marshes Soil South Of Iraq

This study was conducted to evaluation of some marshes soil physical characteristics at south Iraq from studying soil properties and accounting the simple and multiple correlation coefficients and relation equations, from which we can predicted the soil aggregate stability modules of rapture and soil bulk density. Three transacts were chosen, which cover all south Iraqi marshes, with selection of the larger marshes at every transect. The transects are: First toward Amara included marshes of Al-Msendak, Al-Saadiah and Al-Wadiah. Second toward Al- Nasiriah which included the marshes of Delmag, Ghumugaa and Al-hammar. Third toward Samawa which included the marshes of Al- Ramah and Lafti.

The effect of changing soil bulk density with depth on wetting front advance under a trickle line source

Among the factors affecting the movement of water in the soil are soil properties (structure and texture). The rate of components of soil minerals and organic material has an effect on its bulk density. As the surface soil has organic matter more than subsurface soil in general, the bulk density increases with soil depth, so the research aims to study the effect of changing soil bulk density with depth on wetting front advance under a trickle line source. The experimental work included a nine laboratory tests for monitoring the advancement of the wetting front with time, The water advance and water distribution measurement are carried out for three cases of the soil profile with the change of bulk density along soil depth (0.00923,0.00462,0) gm/cm 3/cm: first case with the soil changed bulk density from 1.2 gm/cm 3 at the soil surface and gradually to 1.8 gm/cm 3 at a maximum depth of the profile, the second case with the soil changing bulk density from 1.5 gm / cm 3 to 1.8 gm / cm 3, and the third case homogeneous soil with bulk density 1.2 gm / cm 3, and using three application flow rates 1.3,2.6,3.9 cm 3 / min / cm. The study showed that with the increase in the change of bulk density along soil depth there is a small increase in horizontal advance and almost non-existent increase in vertical advance while they are clear and tangible in diagonal advance. It also showed that the amount of the increase in the vertical advance is greater than in the horizontal advance and be could be in diagonal advance when increasing the application flow rate, and all of the horizontal advance, vertical advance and the diagonal advance of the wetting front increase with the decrease of the application flow rate when applied in the same volume of water.