This paper is an attempt to review some of the reasons which underwrite, first, philosophic and, second, political thought in ancient Greece. I begin with a review of some of the theories and laws by some of the most prominent Greek legislators, star
ting with the with the all-too-famous Iliad and the underlying political ideas which played a significant role in the thought of Greece's thinkers, particularly Plato. Then, I move to shed light on some of Solon's most important laws and their effects on political thought. Further, I considered some of the basic political problems with Pythagoreans and Sophists who both had a significant role in setting down philosophic and political theories, which later formed the foundations of Plato's philosophy, and the consequences and effects they had on philosophic thought generally and on political thought on particular.
As a result of research, one can conclude that there are many differences between the attitudes of teachers in the suburb and the city towards school management. The relationship between school managers and teachers in the suburb is so friendly and w
armly than the relationship between them in the city. This will definitely affect the attitudes of teachers toward the school administration. There are also many differences between the attitudes of male and female teachers and towards the school administration, because women always tend to do their best, but sometimes her thoughts don't accord with the school manger's thoughts. This will in turn create a gap between their thoughts and points of view. As a result, female teachers' attitude toward the school administration will be affected. As we know the school administration has a significant impact on activating the role of teachers, as it will always stand behind any failure or success.It represents the educational goals and policy and has the responsibility of translating them to real work. School mangers with strong personality have the power to positively affecttheir teachers. They also play a seminal rolein achieving the main goals of their schools. So, the success of the school depends on the way it is managed, and the general system of any school is related with the quality of the manger and the way the school is being managed.
إذا كانت المفاهيم السياسية في الإسلام تتنافى مبدئيًا و كليًا مع مقدمات الفكرة الديمقراطية فيكف
يمكن إذن تفسير قبول قيم الديمقراطية و ممارستها من قبل قطاع لا يستهان به من المفكرين
الإسلاميين، هذا إذا علمنا أن أهم المفاهيم الأساسية التي طرحها الفكر ا
لغربي، تعدت كونها
مجرد أشكال نظامية إلى قيمة في ذاتها، هو مفهوم الأغلبية، و قد عولجت هذه القضية بغير
ردها لأصوله في "قواعد عملية الترجيح" و من ثم فإن البحث السياسي في الدراسات الإسلامية
يتراوح بين اعتبار الأغلبية فكرة إسلامية أصلية و بين جدلية منهجية حداثة مفهوم الشورى من
وجهة نظر الفكر السياسي الإسلامي و اعتماد هذا المفهوم بوصفه صيغة بديلة عن صيغة
الديمقراطية ذات المنشأ الغربي ضمن إطار المساواة بين غير المتساوين وصولا إلى فكرة
الأغلبية التي تنصرف إلى الكم و العدد كأساس لعملية الترجيح و يقابلها المفهوم الشوري الذي لا
يعتد بفكرة الأغلبية لإضفاء الشرعية إلا بعد توافر عناصر معينة مثل الحق و هي بذلك تجعل
السند الكيفي لا الكمي أساسًا لتعبر بذلك عن بعد جديد و فهم متميز لأسبقية الفكرة و خطورتها
و استقلاليتها عن الكم، كما أنها تومىء إلى أن القاعدة تملك صحتها في ذاتها إذ تعبر عن
(الحق) و تعبر عن الاستقلالية عن (أتباعها) مهما كثروا.
Democracy is a historical concept that has taken various forms and implementations,
though essentially the highest example of the equality of people in life opportunities of all
political, economic and social spheres, allows each person to develop
his skills, and
unleash his potential to achieve self-realization.
There is dissimilarity between sophists about the concept of democracy. Some
sophists believe that the democracy is a regime which is represented in political aspects
such as election and voting..., And Some sophists believe it as a life system that organizes
social and economic relations in society, this is called social democracy. Others believe
that the democracy is the both a regime and a life system.
The expression of democracy in Greek form was inspired in ancient Athens in the
fifth century BC, Athenian democracy is considered as of the first models to use
contemporary concepts of democratic rule,This research is addressing the democracy with
Greek sophists and some of modern sophists. Over time, the meaning of democracy has
evolved since the eighteenth century with the emergence of successive democratic regimes
in many countries of the world.
In the present time, political parties play a fundamental and
significant role in the process of building a democratic system, as
they have a vital role in education and democracy, and they act as a
bridge that connects the community with the poli
tical system .The
body of political parties has become one of the practical and
institutional guarantees for democratic practices through its
contribution to development and political modernization, activating
the political participation process, guiding the public opinion and
following the government's work, and here emerges the significant
role that could be played by the new Syrian political parties Law
issued by legislative Decree No.(100) for the year 2011, in
reinforcing the foundations of democratic political life in Syria,
extending the horizon of political participation and making the way
for a real party and political pluralism that can be demonstrated in
the ballot boxes.
Played by the new Syrian political parties Law issued by legislative
Decree No. (100) for the year 2011, in reinforcing the foundations
of democratic political life in Syria, extending the horizon of
political participation and making the way for a real party and
political pluralism that can be demonstrated in the ballot boxes.
