The Challenges of Integration of the Syrian Economy in the world Economy the Reality and Horizons An Analytical study

The crisis in Syria since the beginning of the year 2011 had devastating effects on Syrian economy, which based on the priorities of the war economy and stopped the economic reform programs and long-term development plans to move to the social market economy and integration into the world economy.

Sources of Psychological Stress of University Students during The Syrian Crisis (A Field Study on a Sample of Tishreen University Students)

This study aimed at investigating Tishreen university students’ psychological stress sources. Furthermore, the study attempted to explore whether students differ according to their gender, their academic specializations. The sample of this study comprised of (200) students: (100 male and 100 female). In order to achieve the goals of this study the Inventory of University Students’ Sources of psychological stress was constructed. The final version of the scale consisted of (60) items. These items distributed in seven dimensions: family stress, economic stress, personal stress, security stress, social stress, and environment of the learning stress. The results showed that most areas of the psychological stress is security, and least influential in them are social stress. The results also indicated to significant differences (α≤ 0.05) between males and females means in the social, personal, family, and the economic domains. according to the variable students’ academic specializations, the results showed no differences statistically function (0.05 "≥α) between the students.

Using The Model of Six Dimensions of Innovation Services To Assess Marketing Performance of Syrian Banking Sector During The Syrian Crisis (A Comparative Study between Commercial Bank of Syria and Bank Bemo Saudi Fransi)

The Syrian banking sector has achieved profits during the Syrian crisis, the bulk of it is due to the revaluation of foreign currencies into SYP using the new exchange rates. The process of identifying growth requires monitor the development of many of the basic elements of the Bank's work, So we can say that Since the beginning of the crisis so far, based on the annual reports of Syrian banks, the banking sector did not achieve any real growth.That is normal causeThe country is going through one of its most difficult times, making the economic wheel descend significantly. The research aims to study the development of innovations in banking service and their impact on marketing performance.To achieve this, the researcher used the model of six dimensions of innovation services to assess marketing performance, and has been formulated three main hypotheses were tested by Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS V (23) to reach the researcher to several conclusions, including: Bank Bemo outperform the Commercial Bank of Syria in the degree of innovation strategy adopted during the crisis, and there is no significant relationship between innovationin services and marketing performance.so,the researcher has proposed to study the opportunities which are created by the crisis through analyzing the internal and external environment of banks, relying on innovation activities as a strategy for optimization investment and long-term growth.

Using The Model of Six Dimensions of Innovation Services To Assess Marketing Performance of Syrian Banking Sector During The Syrian Crisis (Comparative Study between Commercial Bank of Syria and Bank Bemo Saudi Fransi)

The Syrian banking sector has achieved profits during the Syrian crisis, the bulk of it is due to the revaluation of foreign currencies into SYP using the new exchange rates. The process of identifying growth requires monitor the development of many of the basic elements of the Bank's work, So we can say that Since the beginning of the crisis so far, based on the annual reports of Syrian banks, the banking sector did not achieve any real growth.That is normal causeThe country is going through one of its most difficult times, making the economic wheel descend significantly. The research aims to study the development of innovations in banking service and their impact on marketing performance.To achieve this, the researcher used the model of six dimensions of innovation services to assess marketing performance, and has been formulated three main hypotheses were tested by Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS V (23) to reach the researcher to several conclusions, including: Bank Bemo outperform the Commercial Bank of Syria in the degree of innovation strategy adopted during the crisis, and there is no significant relationship between innovationin services and marketing performance.so,the researcher has proposed to study the opportunities which are created by the crisis through analyzing the internal and external environment of banks, relying on innovation activities as a strategy for optimization investment and long-term growth.

Economic Losses of Government Transport Sector Caused by the Syrian Crisis

The transport sector provides favorable conditions to the performance of the rest of the sectors in the economy, including productivity and service. It is also associated with a mutual relationship to the point where it makes it difficult to achieve any progress in those sectors without that which has preceded, or is accompanied by the development of the transport sector. Ten years prior to the Syrian crisis, the public transport sector had achieved significant progress compared to its previous history and had been allocated large government subsidies for investment plans. The amount of the provision of the Ninth Five-Year Plan (2001-2005), was the equivalent of almost all the amount spent during the previous five-year plans. Since March 2011, the infrastructure, (roads, bridges, railways, airports and other transportation), were exposed to systematic acts of destruction and vandalism by the armed opposition whose aim was the paralysis of the economy and the dismemberment of the country to weaken the State's ability to respond to the confrontation. Due to the important role in this sector, we have an estimate of economic losses, (both direct and indirect), from the starting points of the hypothesis of continuing the growth rate of GDP for the period before the crisis and the continuation of 3.1% during the crisis years (2011-2012-2013). (A continuing scenario) on the grounds in 2010 year basis, and compared with the actual reality of the GDP growth, where value represents the difference GDP losses during this period, or called opportunity cost. and after the addition of direct material losses reached to calculate the total economic losses, which amounted to about 85 billion Syrian pounds. The Preceded through the study and analysis of the reality of the performance of the transport sector with various activities government (land, sea and air) during the period (2000-2010) . .

The Role of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) to Finish the Uni-Polarity Situation & Its Attitude toward Syrian Crisis

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is considered relatively a modern regional organization which was announced officially in 2001; it included all of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan (as permanent members, the (SCO) occupied a very important position in the world several years ago, via the capacities of its countries in economic, political and military forces. In the light of the current crisis afflicting Syria and the pressures and foreign sanctions upon it, in addition to the new strategy adopted by the Syrian government, which stipulates "going east", the Shanghai Cooperation Organization shaped broad international scope for Syria to get rid of the pressure and Western sanctions. This research will try to shed light on the (SCO) and its attitude toward Syrian crisis and the implications of the stands of some countries, especially China and Russia

The Changes in The (Syrian – Turkish ) Relations Between (2000-2012)

This study aimed to reveal changes in (Syrian- Turkish) relation ,though this relation is too sensitive, the study separated into two phases: -First: covers the rapprochement period between the two countries, till the year 2011. - Second: covers the Syrian crisis period when the two countries diverged. As a result, we see that Turkish –Syrian relations kept on developing in all fields in the first phase till the strategic cooperation in 2009 between them . but when the Syrian crisis happened, turkey found that the change which might happen in Syria could bring allies of The AKP (Muslim Brotherhood ),that means retake the old Turkish strategic domain , that cause stress and regress in the relation between Turkey and Syria, Turkey has started to plan to control and intervene in internal Syrian matters, it has been started by putting economic sanctions on Syria which had abad effect on the standard of living for Syrian inhabitants, then it started to go deeper in its intervention by planning to destroy Syrian industry and stealing industrial companies and factories ,especially in Aleppo.

Syrian Crisis Development Policies, Economic and Social impacts

The current crisis has been deteriorating in Syria since the spring of 2011 with an armed conflict which is causing catastrophic effects on development performance through the wide-spread destruction of infra-structure as well as the capabilities and potential economic losses which will impact upon the prospects for both current and future generations. It was those economic and social policies which were already ineffective for the government during the past decade - before the current crisis played a key role in this situation. In addition, there were the objective conditions of other economic sanctions placed upon Syria by the United States, and later by the European Union, including other pressures to force Syria to abandon its own vision of economic development and the ways to solve the Arab - Israeli conflict. The aim of this study is to shed light on those economic and social policies and their results and then to estimate the economic losses which have been caused by acts of sabotage by armed gangs by using a methodology based on the comparison of economic and social indicators during the crisis in 2011 and 2012. This methodology will take into account those economic and social policy indicators which would be determined without the current crisis and by also assuming the continuation of the pre-crisis effects. It will be the economic and social implications of the beneficiaries of the accounts and estimates which will be carried out by a group of Syrian researchers in the Syrian Centre for Policy Research. ...