Total reduplication is common in natural language phonology and morphology. However, formally as copying on reduplicants of unbounded size, unrestricted total reduplication requires computational power beyond context-free, while other phonological an
d morphological patterns are regular, or even sub-regular. Thus, existing language classes characterizing reduplicated strings inevitably include typologically unattested context-free patterns, such as reversals. This paper extends regular languages to incorporate reduplication by introducing a new computational device: finite state buffered machine (FSBMs). We give its mathematical definitions and discuss some closure properties of the corresponding set of languages. As a result, the class of regular languages and languages derived from them through a copying mechanism is characterized. Suggested by previous literature, this class of languages should approach the characterization of natural language word sets.
We implement the formalization of natural logic-like monotonic inference using Unscoped Episodic Logical Forms (ULFs) by Kim et al. (2020). We demonstrate this system's capacity to handle a variety of challenging semantic phenomena using the FraCaS d
ataset (Cooper et al., 1996). These results give empirical evidence for prior claims that ULF is an appropriate representation to mediate natural logic-like inferences.
This paper presents work carried out to transform glosses of a fable in Italian Sign Language (LIS) into a text which is then read by a TTS synthesizer from an SSML modified version of the same text. Whereas many systems exist that generate sign lang
uage from a text, we decided to do the reverse operation and generate text from LIS. For that purpose we used a version of the fable The Tortoise and the Hare, signed and made available on Youtube by ALBA cooperativa sociale, which was annotated manually by second author for her master's thesis. In order to achieve our goal, we converted the multilayer glosses into linear Prolog terms to be fed to the generator. In the paper we focus on the main problems encountered in the transformation of the glosses into a semantically and pragmatically consistent representation. The main problems have been caused by the complexities of a text like a fable which requires coreference mechanisms and speech acts to be implemented in the representation which are often unexpressed and constitute implicit information.
We study in this paper representing prime integers by binary quadratic form Depending on the definitions and theorems about binary quadratic
form particularly on genus definition beside the solvability of equation.
The current research aims to identify the forms of aggressive behavior among
kindergarten children and its relationship with some variables (education level of the
mother and the child's gender). A Random sample of them has been selected which
rea
ched (100) boys and girls. The results were as follows: (1) That the most prevalent
forms of aggressive behavior of children were; first, the verbal aggressive behavior;
second, the physical aggressive behavior; then comes the symbolic. (2) The presence of
statistical indicative differences between the two genders in the forms of aggressive
behavior among kindergarten children aged (5-6 years). (3) The presence of statistical
indicative differences in the forms of aggressive behavior depending on the education level
of the mother.
This study highlights the forms of deprivation and determination in
the poetry of al-Muthaqqab al-Abdi, depending on certain poetical
images that disclose the parameters of the circulating conflict
between the poet and time via a cultural apocalyp
se that apparently
envisages the concentricity of the antagonist. Also, this research
reveals the co-existence of al-Muthaqqab al-Abdi of certain different
contradictory existential forms through two streams: the first confirms his fragility and deprivation of liberty and the self, the second confirms his identity and freedom. Among these two streams lies a passing bridge that leads him to the world of determination and existence.
This paper attempts to investigate the way Arab learners of English
deal with weak form items and the difficulty they encounter in using such
grammatical items in context. This problem was approached from two
different avenues. I therefore carried
out two separate tests. The first
test, the pronunciation test, showed that Arab learners have a serious
problem with pronouncing weak form items. The second test, the
identification test, also demonstrated that Arab learners had a problem
with identifying weak form words in context.
D.H. Lawrence used the elements of suspense and romance
borrowed from popular forms of literature but to different ends other
than keeping his audience enthralled to an old fashioned formula. In the
penultimate chapter of The Virgin and the Gipsy,
the figure of the
Damsel in distress as embodied in his female character Yvette is
involved in a life threatening situation whereas his male character, the
Gipsy, is proactively involved in rescuing her life. However, the end
result of the rescue scene is to see Yvette through on her way to selfrealization.
Conversely the male figure dwindles into oblivion at the end
of the novella when his mission as a catalyst is over. Nothing remains of
the male persona except the prosaically English name of Joe Boswell at
the end of a letter addressed to Yvette. The dark figure of the exotic
Gipsy is reduced to a name, which Yvette realizes, to her surprise, he has
had all the time.
