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Register a new userInvestigating the Built Environment of Damascus Traditional City as a Child Friendly Built Environment
دراسة و تحليل البيئة المبنية لمدينة دمشق القديمة وفق مفهوم البيئة المبنية الصديقة للطفل
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حنان عبود( باحث )
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المدينة الصديقة للطفل هي كل مدينة او بيئة مبنية تلتزم بإنجاز و تطبيق حقوق الطفل. و على ذلك، هي كل مدينة تعتبر أصوات و احتياجات و اولويات و حقوق الطفل عاملا" مؤثرا في سياساتها و برامجها و قراراتها العامة. و هي كنتيجة، المدينة التي تلائم الكل. و بناء" على ذلك تصنف مدينة دمشق في مرتبة متأخرة كمدينه صديقة للطفل. في الواقع، يعاني الأطفال في مدينة دمشق، و بسبب تبني النظريات التخطيطية الحديثة و مبدأ فصل الوظائف و إعطاء الأفضلية لحركة السيارات في التخطيط و النمو العشوائي و غير المنظم. من النمو غير السليم و امراض البدانة و السكري و كذلك الاكتئاب. يتناول هذا البحث الدراسات و البحوث السابقة التي تناولت البيئة المبنية المناسبة لصحة الطفل الجسدية و العقلية و الاجتماعية و سلامته. و للوصول الى هدف البحث، تم اجراء استبيان ل 64 طفلا" (28 بنت و 36 صبي) تتراوح أعمارهم بين 10-14 سنة، و تضمن الاستبيان أسئلة تتعلق بتصورات و خبرات الأطفال عن البيئة المبنية لمدينة دمشق الحديثة و مدى تلبيتها لاحتياجاتهم و تطلعاتهم. و من ثم يحلل و يقيم البحث البيئة المبنية لمدينة دمشق التقليدية و ذلك من اجل استقراء الأسس العمرانية و المعمارية التي يمكن الاستفادة منها في تحديد مبادئ توجيهية و تطبيقية لتحقيق المدن و الاحياء و الأماكن الصديقة للطفل في مرحلة إعادة الاعمار لأحياء مدينة دمشق المدمرة نتيجة الحرب القائمة حاليا".
A child friendly city is a city, or any local system of governance, committed to fulfilling children‘s rights. It is a city where the voices, needs, priorities and rights of children are an integral part of public policies, programs and decisions. As a result, it is a city that is fit for all. Today, Damascus city rate poorly in terms of the child friendly status. Due to modern planning and zoning practices, planning for the car and uncontrolled growth, children of Damascus are growing up unhealthy, obese and depressed. This research reviews the studies done on the built environment that is convenient for the child‘s physical, mental and social health and safety. For the purpose of this research, 64 children (28 girls and 36 boys) aged between 10-14 years, along with their parents were interviewed and asked to describe their perception and experience of the built environment of the New City of Damascus to meet their needs. Then, the research analyses and evaluates the Traditional Damascus Built Environment in order to consider key planning and designing factors that could be learnt through looking at the way the Traditional Built Environment providing for children‘s needs, and using this as the blueprint for designing child friendly neighborhoods of new and damaged neighborhood of Damascus City.
References used
ABU-LUJOUD, J. The Islamic City: Historic Myth, Islamic Essence, and Contemporary Relevance. Urban Development in the Muslim World, Center for Urban Policy Research, New Brunswick, NJ, 1993, 11-36
ATLAS OF DAMASCUS. Integrated Conservation and Development Plan for Damascus Old City. Ministry of Local Administration and the Municipal Administration Modernization Program, Damascus, 2011
BARTLETT, S. Urban Children and the Physical Environment, Better Cities with Children and Youth. Presented by Growing Up in Cities, 2005. http://www.araburban.org/childcity/Papers/English/Sheridan%20Barlett.pdf, accessed on 10/9/2007
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A human being awareness of his\her surrounding built environment
directly affects his-her life and behaviors. Therefore, working to improve this
environment and reveal its aesthetic values can change people’s reactions
towards the place itself and
it can cause real changes in their attitudes towards
each other
In brief, this presentation is trying to find out about the built environment
and the aesthetic values, which contribute in its realizations.
It also discusses the effect of such values on the individuals' behavior by
listing some local , Arabic and foreign experiences that have improved the
built environment, using simple means as well as involving the locals in the
aesthetic developing process of their own region in order to create positive
changes in their manners which appears by their manners .
The aim is to create rules to be followed by architects for economical
compund building designs. This aim is to be achieved by confirming
economy houses pattern within new environmental planning and joining
them to Islamic concepts, and confirming
the concept of economy in internal
Spaces, through a comparison between new houses and traditional ones.
In this research, the reliability and security weakness of the existing
CDMA are studied and analyzed.
The criticisms connected with the traditional approach for variance analysis of conversion cost focused on using variance of volume for measuring exploitation of productive capacity, and negligence of increasing in the production, also using working
hours, and the time of machines working as a basis for counting carrying rates of conversion costs, and counting the variance.
When variance analysis was not restricted in determined group of changes, and the changes which are used in the analysis can change according to what develops and appears of situations and needs, so variance analysis in its present form does not provide suitable information about the competitive attitude of economic unit from costing side.
Therefore, it is necessary to improve and modify the traditional method of variance analysis of conversion cost under needs and strategies of modern industrial systems, to fit the variance analysis in a way that treats the criticisms which were directed to this style, the role of standard costs system in support of control systems and performance correction, and achievement the strategy of continuous improvement.
The research tries to study the criticisms which were directed to the traditional method of variance analysis of conversion cost, then to apply the modern method of variance analysis of conversion cost, and which suits with requirements of modern industrial environment, in company of Banias Refinery, and the researcher reaches to series of results, the most important of those are:
The changes which happened in modern industrial environment affected the traditional analysis of variance of conversion cost;
The traditional analysis of variance of conversion cost doesn't encourage the continuous improvement;
The traditional analysis of variance of conversion cost doesn't refer to movements of stock in its different types; and
The total variance of conversion cost in company of Banias Refinery is
(-399845730) , that is actual conversion cost bigger than standard conversion cost to the actual production.
The constitutions of many countries of the world until recently included
traditional rights and freedoms, without paying attention to the
emergence of new rights imposed by human activities in his life, the
most important right to the environment, the right to the environment
was not among the constitutional rights mentioned, Its domestic
legislation on the occasion of its application to the laws of
environmental protection, but with the international and regional
attention to the right to the environment, many constitutions of
comparative countries have recently moved to recognize the principle of
the right of the individual in an appropriate environment.
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