Paraphrases refer to texts that convey the same meaning with different expression forms. Pivot-based methods, also known as the round-trip translation, have shown promising results in generating high-quality paraphrases. However, existing pivot-based
methods all rely on language as the pivot, where large-scale, high-quality parallel bilingual texts are required. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using semantic and syntactic representations as the pivot for paraphrase generation. Concretely, we transform a sentence into a variety of different semantic or syntactic representations (including AMR, UD, and latent semantic representation), and then decode the sentence back from the semantic representations. We further explore a pretraining-based approach to compress the pipeline process into an end-to-end framework. We conduct experiments comparing different approaches with different kinds of pivots. Experimental results show that taking AMR as pivot can obtain paraphrases with better quality than taking language as the pivot. The end-to-end framework can reduce semantic shift when language is used as the pivot. Besides, several unsupervised pivot-based methods can generate paraphrases with similar quality as the supervised sequence-to-sequence model, which indicates that parallel data of paraphrases may not be necessary for paraphrase generation.
Most of the villages and rural towns, in general, and in Latakia, in particular, suffer from
poor transport organizing and Serving of people so that travelling has become a great
suffering for most people. After studying the transport situation bet
ween Jableh and
Latakia, we found that this city suffers from transport problems like other cities. This is
because of transport poor management and regulation including timing, the number of
vehicles available and inability to meet demand, which causes a deterioration in service
quality.
The research provided a comprehensive method to evaluate the performance of public
transport on the road by evaluating travel time, the journey speed, and the buses volume
and frequency. Considering these indicators as a criterion for evaluating the performance
of public transport to determine the most effective factors regarding the quality of
performance of public transport and improve this performance in future. A field and
practical study of the research has been conducted, which includes selecting of study sites,
collecting engineering and traffic data, designing of questionnaires and distributing them
on random passengers and drivers working on Jableh - Lattakia transportation road to find
out their opinions. Then the data has been inserted into SPSS Statistics Base program for
analyzing the results.
The research has concluded that the performance of public transport between Jableh and
Latakia is generally weak, and the largest proportion of passengers depend on their
mobility on minibuses, which does not satisfy the required transportation level. Therefore,
a range of solutions has been developed depending on local conditions which will ease the
burden of mobility and raise the transportation performance level.
Most of the villages and rural communities are suffering, particularly in Tartous
region, of poor organization of transport and serve the people. Therefore the movement
between rural and city become a great suffering for most people.
This research
presents an evaluation the quality of public transport on rural transport
network based on a set of indicators and quantitative criteria that show us the case or the
quality of rural transport, And it identify the most effective and appropriate criteria to the
evaluation operation. In addition, take procedure to increase the effectiveness of service
performance.
This study was conducted on Tartous- Al dreikish axis which passes in steep
mountainous area in some areas is what makes the subject of improving the performance of
the public transport system on this axis is an important issue contribute to facilitate the
traffic and transport, and reducing accidents on the many junctions. In this research will be
to provide analysis, draw conclusions and make suggestions to the problem in this study.
The use of modern methodologies and techniques a new approach to evaluate the
process of engineering design in the industry pay to use in evaluating the speed in large
cans mechanisms design.
The gearbox that is designed for big vehicles for off-r
oad driving conditions need
portal axle which installed between the wheel and the axle shaft to give higher ground
clearance to the vehicle.
The modeling and simulation of spur gear which contacted with portal axle is
important to predict the actual motion behavior, but it's so complicated to study.
In this study, it'll analysis the portal axle by using finite element method (FEM),
modal analysis will simulated on three different combinations of gear train system, the
three gear trains being analyzed are: gear train without idler gear, one idler gear and two
idler gears.
FEM static stress analysis will also simulated on three different gear train to study
the gear teeth bending stress and contact stress behavior of the gear trains in different
angular positions from °0 to °18 degree.
This research related to the reappointment of the main roads and railways in the
event of loss (Axis elements in the horizontal projected: Straight lines. Circular curves.
Between these two elements are introduced Transit Curves), and also rehabili
tation,
commensurate with the developments taking place in the present time. The program is
designed to also facilitate this work using the language of MATLAB.
There are several questions present themselves:
- What are the requirements for work (Field or desktop)?
- What are the proposals for the development of the current reality of the road
network and railways in the study area and rehabilitation?
- What are the tools that allow transfer of theoretical study to a realistic work
progress on the ground?
