Augmenting Knowledge-grounded Conversations with Sequential Knowledge Transition

Knowledge data are massive and widespread in the real-world, which can serve as good external sources to enrich conversations. However, in knowledge-grounded conversations, current models still lack the fine-grained control over knowledge selection and integration with dialogues, which finally leads to the knowledge-irrelevant response generation problems: 1) knowledge selection merely relies on the dialogue context, ignoring the inherent knowledge transitions along with conversation flows; 2) the models often over-fit during training, resulting with incoherent response by referring to unrelated tokens from specific knowledge content in the testing phase; 3) although response is generated upon the dialogue history and knowledge, the models often tend to overlook the selected knowledge, and hence generates knowledge-irrelevant response. To address these problems, we proposed to explicitly model the knowledge transition in sequential multi-turn conversations by abstracting knowledge into topic tags. Besides, to fully utilizing the selected knowledge in generative process, we propose pre-training a knowledge-aware response generator to pay more attention on the selected knowledge. In particular, a sequential knowledge transition model equipped with a pre-trained knowledge-aware response generator (SKT-KG) formulates the high-level knowledge transition and fully utilizes the limited knowledge data. Experimental results on both structured and unstructured knowledge-grounded dialogue benchmarks indicate that our model achieves better performance over baseline models.

WikiBERT Models: Deep Transfer Learning for Many Languages

Deep neural language models such as BERT have enabled substantial recent advances in many natural language processing tasks. However, due to the effort and computational cost involved in their pre-training, such models are typically introduced only for a small number of high-resource languages such as English. While multilingual models covering large numbers of languages are available, recent work suggests monolingual training can produce better models, and our understanding of the tradeoffs between mono- and multilingual training is incomplete. In this paper, we introduce a simple, fully automated pipeline for creating language-specific BERT models from Wikipedia data and introduce 42 new such models, most for languages up to now lacking dedicated deep neural language models. We assess the merits of these models using cloze tests and the state-of-the-art UDify parser on Universal Dependencies data, contrasting performance with results using the multilingual BERT (mBERT) model. We find that the newly introduced WikiBERT models outperform mBERT in cloze tests for nearly all languages, and that UDify using WikiBERT models outperforms the parser using mBERT on average, with the language-specific models showing substantially improved performance for some languages, yet limited improvement or a decrease in performance for others. All of the methods and models introduced in this work are available under open licenses from https://github.com/turkunlp/wikibert.

Evolution Semantics Of The Novelist Language Ibrahim Nasr Allah

This research sets out a window in which we look at to discuss vocabularies which concepts developed from the old dictionary into new meanings. The book binding of the Jordanian novelist6 Ibrahim Nasr Allah who simplified his novels and made his poetry fertilized and meaningful. The scholar followed vocabularies and recognize their origins and meanings, approaching the concepts development .On the other hand, he observed what happened and changed in the area of the modern concepts. And the searcher sees that the arrangement of importance in the preoccupation with the practical side, in the process following vocabularies in literary novels poetry and divans, and inquest to success to reach the aim of study, the researcher follows the way. Baptized to stand on the most important aspects of semantic evolution of the term.

Experimental Study for Determination the temperature distribution of the roughness surfaces under natural convection

This study aims mainly to determine the temperature distribution heat transfer enhancement under natural convection experimental, from three surfaces with industrial roughness created by a special machine (roughness surfaces) with triangular, trapezoidal, spherical configuration compared to equivalent smooth surface. With cross-sectional area.

Thermal analysis of PCM wallboards to be used in building envelopes for energy conservation

In this paper, an analytical and mathematical study of the PCM wallboards was done by simulate its thermal behavior, depending on governing heat transfer equations which describe the phase change process of the PCM wallboard . A mathematical model was done and used to simulate the thermal behavior of several different structures of the wall (single PCM wallboard, PCM wallboard + thermal insulation layer, PCM wallboard + a concrete block).

A study of bacterial contamination level and evaluation of sterilization and disinfection procedures followed in clinical dental practices in Tishreen university

The present study assessed the bacterial contamination and the efficacy of control infection protocol in clinica=l practices in Faculty of Dentistry in Tishreen university. An evaluation of surface bacterial contamination in 4 laboratory of clinical dental practices was for undergraduate stage and 4 laboratory of clinical practices for postgraduate stage. The samples for the study were taken from various sites from and beside dental-chair. The bacterial contamination was studied by observing and recording the colony morphology on the culture plates, Gram's staining with light microscopic screening of the slides, and the biochemical characterization of the isolates using standard bacteriology protocols.The findings showed bacterial contamination in all the surfaces in the laboratory of dental practices. The level of bacterial accumulation on examined surfaces did not change over time. bacteriological analysis showed that 100% of dental chair had bacterial contamination. More the 77% of collected swabs showed Gram-positive cocci, making it the major bacterial group contaminating the surfaces of dental-chair in the dental operatory. The presented study highlights the fact that all sites of dental practice is a potential source of cross infection. The results of this study mandate a strict audit process and protocols to be set in place for preventing cross-contamination from the dental chair in a dental operatory.

Improving the performance of heat exchanger surface by industrial roughness

One popular heat transfer augmentation technique involves the use of rough surfaces of different configurations. The rough surface aims to promote surface turbulence that is intended mainly to increase the heat transfer coefficient and surface area. It was reported that non-flat surfaces have free convection coefficients that arrive to 50% to 100% more than those of flat surfaces. The goal of this study aims mainly to examine heat transfer enhancement from a surface with same industrial roughness created by a special tool (roughness surfaces) with different shapes under convection heat transfer compared to equivalent smooth surfaces without deformations. The results show there is no need to apply the different roughness configurations in two mutually perpendicular directions. It's enough to cause it only in one plane. And we have got the same win in surface area. The results show also the rectangular profiles of roughness give the best result.

A Survey of Pepper Mild Mottle and Cucumber Mosaic Viruses on Pepper Crop in the Syrian Coast andTheir Transmissionin the Field through Seeds

A field survey of Pepper mild mottle (PMMV) and Cucumber mosaic (CMV) Viruses was conducted in some plantation areas in Tartous and Lattakia Provinces. A total of 1278 samples (782 from Tartous and 505 from Lattakia) were collected. Results of Tissue Blot Immunobinding Assay showed the presence of PMMV in 0.39% and CMV in 11.42% in the collected samples. The percentage of CMV varied in Tartous and Lattakia Provinces. In this study, PMMV was not recorded in Lattakia, whereas it was recorded in Tartous in a small percentage (0.64%). Using Tissue Blot Immunobinding Assay, the collected seeds from the infected pepper fruits from Tartous fields showed the transmission of PPMV throughseeds in a ratio of 0.70% to 0.87% according to seed resources, whereas CMV was transmitted in a high percentage of 2.81% to 7.98% according to seed resources. PPMV was not recorded in leaf samples or in seeds taken from Blozah District in TartousProvince.

Survey of natural transmission of some viruses by cowpea seeds

The results of Tissue-blot immunobinding assay (TBIA) of 754 samples of cowpea seeds collected from various regions in Lattakia province has showed the transmission of Pea seed borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) among five virus studied (CMV, BYMV, PSbMV, BBMV and AMV). Pea seed borne mosaic virus was detected on seeds collected from various locations in 24, 64% to 37, and 50%. This result is the first record of seed transmission of PSbMV in cowpea seeds.

The Analytical study for tin in some canned fruit

This research was to study the transition of tin to fruit cans, and its adverse effects to food and human health.