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Register a new userA Survey of Pepper Mild Mottle and Cucumber Mosaic Viruses on Pepper Crop in the Syrian Coast andTheir Transmissionin the Field through Seeds
الفعالية الضد ميكروبية لنبات الزعتر L. Origanum syriacum إزاء بعض الجراثيم الممرضة
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تمّ الحصول على الزيت الأساس من أوراق نبات الزعتر Origanum syriacum L. (Lamiaceae) المنتشر في غابات البسيط الجبلية في محافظة اللاذقية، بطريقة الجرف بالبخار، و دُرس تأثيره المضاد للجراثيم تجاه إحدى عشرة عزلة جرثومية مأخوذة من مختبر مستشفى الأسد الجامعي في مدينة اللاذقية بطريقة الانتشار بالحُفر في الأغار. بينت النتائج أن الزيت الأساس لهذا النبات يمتلك تأثيراً مضاداً لجميع الجراثيم الممرضة المعزولة إيجابية صبغة غرام و سلبية صبغة غرام و بتراكيز قليلة (2-5-10) ميكروليتر/حُفرة، و أفضل من تأثير بعض المضادات الحيوية المستخدمة بتركيزٍ عالٍ (25-30) ميكروغرام/قرص كشاهد إيجابي، كما ازداد قطر حلقة عدم النمو بازدياد تركيز الزيت الأساس من التركيز 2 إلى 20 ميكروليتر بمقدار ثلاثة أضعاف أو أكثر. اعتماداً على هذه النتائج، يمكن القول إن الزيت الأساس لنبات Origanum syriacum L. يتميز بفعالية مضادة عالية تجاه طيف واسع من الجراثيم الممرضة.
A field survey of Pepper mild mottle (PMMV) and Cucumber mosaic (CMV) Viruses was conducted in some plantation areas in Tartous and Lattakia Provinces. A total of 1278 samples (782 from Tartous and 505 from Lattakia) were collected. Results of Tissue Blot Immunobinding Assay showed the presence of PMMV in 0.39% and CMV in 11.42% in the collected samples. The percentage of CMV varied in Tartous and Lattakia Provinces. In this study, PMMV was not recorded in Lattakia, whereas it was recorded in Tartous in a small percentage (0.64%). Using Tissue Blot Immunobinding Assay, the collected seeds from the infected pepper fruits from Tartous fields showed the transmission of PPMV throughseeds in a ratio of 0.70% to 0.87% according to seed resources, whereas CMV was transmitted in a high percentage of 2.81% to 7.98% according to seed resources. PPMV was not recorded in leaf samples or in seeds taken from Blozah District in TartousProvince.
References used
ADKINS, S.,E.M.LAMB, P. D. ROBERT, M.D. GOOCH, L. BREMAN, and K. SHULER..Identification of pepper mottle virus in commercial bell pepper in Florida. Plant Diseases. 2001, 85: 679
BECZNER, J., R. 1. HAMILTON, and D. M. ROCHON..Characterization of anisolate ofPepper mild mottle tobamovirus occurring in Canada.Canadian Journalof Plant Pathology: 1997,1;83-88
BOSLAND, P.W..Chiles adverse crop. Hort Technology,1992, 2: 2-10
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This study was conducted in the village of Almetrkyah located in the southern
coastal plain of Lattakia city during 2014. In order to study the effect of Cucumber mosaic
virus on growth and development of two varieties of peppers, hybrid ESTAR F1 H
(sweet
pepper) and Demer(spicy pepper). This study included eight treatments, four treatments
for each variety. Plants were mechanically inoculated in three different stages, preflowering
bloom, flowering andpost-flowering stages each beside its non-inoculated
control. The result should that, the appearance of Cucumber mosaic virus symptoms on
infected sweet hybrid, was within four days before its appearance on inoculated spicy
variety,symptoms were leaf crinkle, leaf deformation, yellow patches and plant stunting.
Inoculated plants showed reduction in number of leaves, number of branches and yield.
Plants in pre flowering bloom stage were more effected by virus infection in both
varieties. Meannumber of leaves per plant of ESTAR F1 H hybrid were 130 in pre
flowering bloom stage compared with 170 leaf/plant in the control treatment. Mean
number of branches per plant of ESTAR F1 H hybrid were 43,4 branch/plant in pre
flowering bloom stage compared with 56,7branch/plant in the control treatment. Total
pepper production per plant was 700,8g in infected plants in preflowering bloom stage
compared with 1267,5g/plant in ESTAR F1 H hybrid control. Results of Demer variety
take the same results of ESTAR F1 H hybrid. The effect of virus infection on pepper plants
were reduced when inoculation were done during flowering stage and post-flowering stage,
differences were significant between inoculated plants in both varieties.
The antibacterial activity of Inula viscosa L. leaves extracts against some pathogenic bacteria, which were isolated from Al-Assad hospital laboratory in Lattakia, was tested by disc diffusion method.
Results showed that water extracts had antibacte
rial activity against all Gram positive and negative bacteria. The diameters of inhibition zones were between 9 mm against Pseudomonas aeroginosa and 41 mm against Proteus vulgaris.
All Gram positive bacteria showed sensitivity to all organic extracts, so they had antibacterial activity, while Gram negative bacteria showed resistance to chloroform extract except for the one of Klebsiella pneumoniae with an inhibition zone of 12 mm, and resistance for dichlormethan extract except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an inhibition zone of 15 mm. there was resistance for diethyl extract except for Serratia marcescens with an inhibition zone of 32 mm.
Ethyl acetate extract had antibacterial activity against all bacteria. Ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts showed antibacterial activity against all bacteria except for Escherichia coli with an inhibition zone of 10 mm.
This study indicated that water and organic Inula viscosa L. leaves extracts had antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria which also was tested, especially water extract, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts. So the Inula viscosa L. leaves extracts may be sources for natural antibiotic in future.
The aim of this study was to test the effeciency of some organic and bio fertilizers in
improving the seeds germination and transplants growth of pepper Capsicum annum L.
local variaty" Qorn Algazal":by using two commercial compounds; organic (Hube
st) and
one bio (EMI) fertilizers. Two experiments were used; the aim of the first was to study the
effect of these fertilizers on germination of seeds in Petri dishes and plastic peatmoss peds.
Whereas the aim of the second experiment was to evaluate the effect of the fertilizers on
the pepper transplants growth that prepared in the 5 * 5 Striopor peatmoss plates placed in
un warmed plastic tunnel.
The results showed that the soaking of pepper seeds in the tested fertilizers, provoked
and the germination increased the seeds, vigor, with a significant performance of the bio
fertilizer.
The results also showed that the treated transplants with the tested fertilizers gave an
increase of the transplants growth ratio (the height, leaves number and foliar surface area,
the dry and wet weight) with a significance superiority of the bio fertilizer.
Several protocols for DNA extraction from leaves of pepper Capsicum annuum
L. were evaluated to detect Begomoviruses. The extraction
methods comparison were based on DNA quantity and quality. The
DNA concentration absorbance for the evaluation of DNA concentration and contamination
were measured using spectrophotometer.
The research aims to determine the water requirements by using drip irrigation,
microjet irrigation, sprinker irrigation and surface irrigation for pepper. The study showed
the following:
• The pepper don’t need to irrigate through mars and april
and the first third of may
because the effective rainfall is more than the trees water requirement.
• The irrigation efficiencies were 0.921, 0.886, 0.868 and 0.70 for drip, microjet,
sprinker and surface irrigation, respectively.
• the dayly irrigation averages for one plant by field studying were 1.084, 1.132,
1.152, 1.426 liter/day for drip and microjet and sprinkler and surface irrigation,
respectively.
• By regarding the surface irrigation as witness we can economize of water in one
year for one hectare 3595 m3, 3222 m3 and 2858 m3 by using drip, microjet and sprinker
irrigation, respectively.
• The product quantities were 3995, 3389, 3315, 2910 by using drip, microjet,
sprinker, and surface irrigation, respectively.
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