Study of artificial ventilation pipes in closed drains " bottom outlets of Tal-Hosh and Zeta dam model "

During the flow of water in closed drains at high speeds, the pressure can drop to the value that causes the phenomenon of cold boiling and the subsequent formation of dangerous cavitational pockets. High speeds also lead to the attraction of the surrounding air and thus the occurrence of the phenomenon of spontaneous ventilation, which plays an opposite role to the phenomenon of cavitation within the structure of the stream, and a role Negatively in the creation of cavernous pockets above the surface of the water.

The Syrian Water Situation – An Analytical Study with Future Prospects

This research aims to shed a light on the current state of the Syrian water resource through studying the present resources and analyzing the demand on them and their availability during the period (1992-2012). This study focues at deriving the future forecast on the development of the demand on these resources in order to better conceptualize their current state. This in turn will lead to concluding a set of results and recommendations that could contribute to improve the state of the water resource in the sense of achieving sustainability and prohibiting its depletion through the efficient and planned usage.

An Analytical Study of the Economics Of Water Resources

This research aims to shed a light on the distinctive economic characteristics of water resources and to identify the reasons that led to increasing interest in studying these resources and their economics. depending on descriptive analytical method through characterization of what is and analyze it, The researcher is addressing the policies necessary to be followed for a successful allocation of water balances within the time periods, and define whether the water resources are to be considered as an economical good and whether they are subjected to market mechanisms, i.e. demand and supply. the research results pointed out to the fact that the water resource is a strategic vital resource and an economic good has a special nature which make it not subject to market mechanisms. this study is providing a number of proposals that emphasize the need to focus on the economics of water resources to attain the efficiency of resource exploitation, which, on the one hand, leads to achieving sustainability of this valuable resource, and on the other hand fulfill maintain the economic development.

Vulnerability Assessment of Water Resources to Environmental Change in Orontes Basin

Vulnerability assessment of freshwater resources in the Orontes basin was estimated in the provinces of Homs, Hama and Idlib to better understand the current situation of water under the prevailing conditions and to identify the most prominent factors that influence water susceptibility to environmental changes. This study helps decision-makers in evaluating and modify existing policies and implementing suitable measures to improve water resource management.

An Analytical Study Of The Causes Of The Imbalance In The Syrian Water Issue

This research aims to shed light on the Syrian water reality through analysising the Syrian water balance during the period (1992-2012) , And thus access to a set of results that show actually watery Syrian and the reasons for the imbalance in the Syrian water issue, as well as providing a set of proposals that could contribute to overcome these reasons form that can actually improve the water and protect water resource from depletion and exploited efficiently and saves supplier and achieve sustainability.

Development scenario of water managing in the Snobar River Basin by using WEAP

Snobar River is the basic water resource system in Snobar watershed (268.8 km2), which empties into the Mediterranean sea 10 kilometers south of Lattakia. We must find out advanced management to face of the recent serious conflicts such as climate changes. Modeling is adopted as appropriate tool to achieve this object. This study uses the software package WEAP21 (Water Evaluation and Planning System), which is specifically designed to evaluate and plan the water resources. We suggest two scenarios to carry out the weaping Snob arriver basin: the first includes new irrigation techniques, the second includes extended dry climate. The study has shown that demand site coverage reaches to 100%, but the river dries in the downstream of Athwart reservoir. We economize on water by suggestion a dripping irrigation technique (59%). Water year method and extended dry climate scenario declare the likely dangerous effects of climate changes.

Optimal investment of water resources in the agricultural sector An Empirical Study in the coastal region during the period (2002-2012)

The research aims to estimate allocated to quench agricultural areas in the coastal region, the amount of water during the period 2002-2012 in case of the use of modern irrigation (drip and sprinkler irrigation) instead of the traditional surface irrigation according to water legalized each method and the rate of efficiency, as well as to estimate the losses in irrigation networks allocated to agriculture and the development of appropriate pricing mechanisms of government. Find the historical and descriptive approaches adopted, and it was the most important results: 1- The results showed that if the use of drip irrigation surface irrigation in the quench-based surface irrigation acreage allowance contributed to supply up to 40% of the water used in surface irrigation amounts, and an average (174 973 785) cubic meters during the period 2002- 2012. 2- The results showed that if the use of sprinkler irrigation surface irrigation instead of the quench-based surface irrigation acreage for contributed to the supplied amount to 28% of the water used in surface irrigation amounts, and an average (122 481 649) cubic meters during the period studied. 3- economic pricing of agricultural water demand for current pricing varies, it was found that there is a deficit in the recovery of operating and maintenance costs of the territory of farmer beneficiaries of the water public irrigation networks and adult (21,500) per hectare, compared with what is being collected (3500) for. Q per hectare.

Predict the needs of the water resources of the coastal zone within the framework of regional planning

This research aims to develop a mathematical model linking the available water resources and the demand of population and agricultural and industrial on these resources, where they were to rely on time series from 2000 until 2011 and study and know their direction and growth, and it was the most important results: 1- increasing the size of the demand (population, agricultural and industrial ) on water resources during the period (2000-2011), where he found a positive relationship between the size of a very strong demand on water resources and time. 2 - increasing the volume of surface water resources and groundwater available during the period (2000-2011), where he found a positive relationship and a very solid between the size of surface water and groundwater resources and time available. 3 - there is an excess of total available water resources and the total volume of demand. 4 - there is a statistically significant relationship between the total volume of available water resources, and demand (population, agricultural and industrial) on them, where we can and relying on multiple regression equation to predict the total volume of water resources through the volume of demand ( population, agricultural, industrial) on them.

Rainfalls and Their Importance in the Development of Water Resources: An Empirical Study of Rainfalls of Coastal Region during the Period (2002-2012)

Because rainfall in the coastal area is high and water projects are nearly missing, we think it is important to make use of available water resources. In order to predict future rainfalls and suggest proper management of resources, we created a mathematical model linking rainfall amounts between demand (population, agricultural and industrial) on water resources during the period (2000-2012). Results show the following: 1. Rainfalls decreased during the period ( 2002-2012) at an annual rate of (1.84%). 2. Demand on water resources increased during the period (2002-2012) at an annual rate of (3.41%) of the population demand, and (3.47 %) of the agricultural demand, and 6.25% for industrial demand. 3. There is a surplus of available water resources and the size of demand for them, with the surplus decreasing during the period (2002-2012) at an annual rate (2.97 %). 4. The estimation of the surplus between the amount of available water resources and the size of the demand for them will decrease in 2023 from what it was like in the year 2013 at an annual rate (-3.23%).

Optimal management of Banias spring water resources using WEAP- SYRIA

Banias River Basin is located in the middle of the Syrian coast between the Joubar and Merqiah River Basins. Its catchment area is ) 97 ( km2, and its length is ( 24,5) km. The research aims to get the optimal management of the available and non-exploited water resources of Banias Spring, using water evaluation and planning system WEAP. Research methodology based on collecting data and proposing two scenarios, first: storing of Banias spring water to provide the water requirement of Banias city, Second: replacing Sin Spring in order to provide Banias Refinery water. The percentage of coverage is about 88% requirement in scenario of water supply to Banias city, while differentiated during the year in scenario meet the water requirement of Banias Refinery, which has reached 84% in the first six months and fallen in October to 52%. Existing wells in the confined aquifer are used to cover the shortfall in the requirement.