This research deals the legal system for bank guarantee letters , and we tried first to define the legal nature of a bank guarantee letter by distinguishing between it and similar systems, We talked about the position of national legislation on indep
endent guarantees and we touched upon some legislations that regulated the provisions of the bank guarantee letter in their legal texts, After trying to determine the reasons for the refusal of the legislator in some countries to address the issue of the letter of guarantee, We also explained the role of the judiciary that tried to return unregulated systems to a legal basis after adjusting their facts through a process of induction and reasoning within the scope of legal logic, and we discussed some judicial applications in this regardi, At the end of our research, we reached a number of findings and recommendations, hoping that they would contribute to promoting this type of guarantees due to their importance in practical life.
we have dedicated this
research to study the legal and legitimate nature of the banking
Murabaha contract and the problems that might hinder its application.
To determine the nature of the banking Murabaha contract, it is
necessary to differentia
te between the Murabaha contracts on the one
hand and similar contracts on the other hand, such as the sale of trust,
sale at auction, usurious loan contract and the documentary credit
contract. Then the legal and the legitimate adaption of the banking
Murabaha contract should be illustrated to approve the special and
unique nature of this complex process.
Having the administrative contracts theory recognized the vast
powers of the administrative body against the contractor with; it
also takes into consideration, at the same time, to ensure that the
contractor's rights which are derived from the contract and the
general rules in order to ensure a balance between the administrative
body and the contractor.
Money is one of the most important means of trade that
commercial traffic may stop without them, and with the technical
development witnessed by the world, has become the means of
communication featured event of this century, and with this
develo
pment emerged new forms of electronic payment means,
Some of them is a novelty and some of them is an update to
previously existing tools as in the case of coins and paper money,
and one of the most important of these tools are electronic money ,
and because of the importance of electronic money, it has become
imperative to determine what these coins, and the legal nature of
them , as well as e-cash forms, in order to reach a clear vision of the
electronic money as one of the most important means of electronic
trade , and determine how to deal with it in the business
community.
The jurisprudence in Syria is not agreed on the legal nature of
judge of execution work, in which some of jurists consider its
decisions such as Loyal, others consider that of judicial sort at
least in part of it, while third direction says that t
he decisions
of the judge of execution have a private nature but without
any illustration or giving practical results for this opinion.
Thus, it was necessary to discuss the nature of the judge of
execution work regarding Syrian law texts and jurisprudence
in order to arrange the logical legal results for his work and
develop this work serving the reality of execution jurisdiction.
Appealing for what is validated approved by the Court of
Cassation and by the Lebanese legislator developed, about the
execution jurisdiction.
This research intends to provide an explain about natural of socalled
intellectual property that has received considerable attention
legal and economic . Intellectual property is usually divided into
two branches. First one, industrial property, w
hich protects
inventions, while the second is copyright, which protects literary
and artistic works.
Copyright law protects the owner of property
rights against those who copy or otherwise take and use the form in
which the original work without permission from the owner.
Since the documentary credits were the most widely used in the
field of international commerce, as to ensure the execution of
international sales contracts, the question, of the legal nature of the
two categories of documentary credits : Simple (w
hich did not
stipulate to be transferable) and the transferable one, is extremely
important.
To illustrate the special nature of documentary credit, it is
necessary to differentiate between the documentary credit simple
and other similar operations: as letter of guarantee, standby Credit
and documentary collection, and between the transferable
documentary credit and the other similar operations as assignment
of right, back to back credit and other specific credits.
نشأ الحق في الحبس بداية في القانون الروماني، إذ منح والي القضاء بين الوطنيين، البريتور، دفعاً بالغش لحائز الشيء الذي يعتقد أنه ملكه، و من ثم أنفق عليه أموالاً من أجل صيانته و تحسينه، ثم ظهر مالكه الحقيقي و أراد استرداده، يستطيع بموجبه أن يدفع دعوى ال
استرداد التي أقامها المالك
حتى يدفع له ما أنفقه في حفظ الشيء و تحسينه. و لم يكرس التقنين المدني الفرنسي لعام 1804 نظرية عامة للحق في الحبس، و إنما نص على بعض التطبيقات له بموجب نصوص متفرقة. و نتيجة ذلك اختلف الفقه في فرنسا حول هل وردت تلك النصوص في التقنين الفرنسي على سبيل الحصر، أم أنها تطبيقات لنظرية عامة، و من ثم يمكن القياس عليها، و انعكس هذا الأمر بدوره على تحديد الطبيعة القانونية للحق في الحبس.
The international contracts of technology transfer are considered to be one of the
most important agreements for the undeveloped countries for many reasons, firstly
through these contracts the undeveloped countries could fill the gap between them
and developed countries technically, ofcourse if they did well, secondly these
contracts can also help the undeveloped countries to attain the growing levels which
enable them to achieve prosperity and welfare for their citizens, still, those contracts
arouse suspicions and they can lead to several lawful issues- yet I tried concentrating
on preparing stage which precedes making an agreement and the responsibility of
parties, for that what motivates me for that is the absence of lawful texts which
regulate this phase inspite of its important. through this research I have tried to
enlight some legal aspects about the contract negotiations, the preparing agreement
other issues following the comparable approach thereby. ...
