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Register a new userThe legal system for bank guarantee letters
النظام القانوني لخطابات الضمان المصرفية
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Aِl-Baath University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2021
fields
Law
and research's language is
العربية
Authors
ملك سقباني( باحث )
Created by
ملك سقباني
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يتناول هذا البحث النظام القانوني لخطابات الضمان المصرفية، وقد حاولنا بداية تحديد الطبيعة القانونية لخطاب الضمان المصرفي من خلال التمييز بينه وبين الأنظمة المشابهة له ، وتحدثنا عن موقف التشريعات الوطنية وتطرقنا في هذا الصدد إلى بعض التشريعات التي نظمت أحكام خطاب الضمان المصرفي بعد محاولة التوقف على أسباب رفض المشرع لدى بعض الدول معالجة موضوعه من خلال نصوصها القانونية، كما بينا دور القضاء الذي حاول رد النظم غير المقننة إلى أساس قانوني بعد أن يكيف وقائعها من خلال عملية استقراء واستدلال ضمن نطاق المنطق القانوني وناقشنا بعض التطبيقات القضائية بهذا الشأن، وأخيرا استعرضنا موقف الهيئات الدولية من الضمانات المستقلة وأشرنا إلى القواعد الموحدة الصادرة عن غرفة التجارة الدولية بباريس, وفي نهاية بحثنا توصلنا إلى عدد من النتائج والتوصيات عسى أن تساهم في الارتقاء بهذا النوع من الضمانات نظرا لأهميتها في الحياة العملية.
This research deals the legal system for bank guarantee letters , and we tried first to define the legal nature of a bank guarantee letter by distinguishing between it and similar systems, We talked about the position of national legislation on independent guarantees and we touched upon some legislations that regulated the provisions of the bank guarantee letter in their legal texts, After trying to determine the reasons for the refusal of the legislator in some countries to address the issue of the letter of guarantee, We also explained the role of the judiciary that tried to return unregulated systems to a legal basis after adjusting their facts through a process of induction and reasoning within the scope of legal logic, and we discussed some judicial applications in this regardi, At the end of our research, we reached a number of findings and recommendations, hoping that they would contribute to promoting this type of guarantees due to their importance in practical life.
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This research was divided into two sections: the first topic
was the search for what the future contracts and the definition of
future contracts and their origin and development.
The second topic: dealt with the research in the circulation of
futures contracts, by identifying the dealers in these contracts and
then the stages of implementation.
تتمتع العمليات المصرفية المتعلقة بالودائع النقدية في سورية بضمان خاص يجد مصدره
في القواعد القانونية المنظمة للنشاط المصرفي سواء أكانت تلك المتعلقة بشروط تأسيس
المصارف و تسييرها أم بالرقابة الداخلية و الخارجية المفروضة عليها. من جهة أخرى
يعتبر الال
تزام التعاقدي، برد الوديعة و الذي يتضمنه القانون التجاري السوري و الالتزام
بواجب السرية المصرفية ، مصدرا لضمان الودائع المصرفية.
In this research we addressed the legal system of free zones in
Syria, where we showed the identity of these companies, their
advantages, and their work field. Then, we clarified the legal
provisions which govern the work of these companies in ter
ms
of their legal form, their nationalities, their qualities, their
establishment, and their end. Among the most important
results of the research was that the nature of companies of free
zones was different from the nature of national companies,
where this requires formulating special legal rules that organize
the work of these companies. In fact, the Syrian legislator was
not successful in this regard in the light of the lack of legal
provisions which regulate the work of such companies, where
this may raise confusion between the provisions of these
companies and the other provisions related to the work of
companies in general outside the scope of free zones. The
research concluded with many recommendations, the most
important of which was formulating special legal regulation for
the companies of free zones in terms of their establishment,
nationalities, work, and distinction from other companies in
terms of legal regulation.
Banking secret is the obligation imposed on the burden of the
bank and the employees represented in secrecy about the clients
information they know within the scope of their job and
keeping these secrets confidential. This is an obligation that ha
s
been familiar to the banking system since the time of old
civilization, which was regarded as an obligation imposed
mainly by values and morals and secondly by the legal rules as
a legal obligation.
We present an information retrieval-based question answer system to answer legal questions. The system is not limited to a predefined set of questions or patterns and uses both sparse vector search and embeddings for input to a BERT-based answer re-r
anking system. A combination of general domain and legal domain data is used for training. This natural question answering system is in production and is used commercially.
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