Using the GIS in studying and preparing the thematic maps for the coverage of water and sanitation networks and solid waste management during the crisis in Homs governorate

The crisis in Syria heavily impacted public infrastructure as well as the provision of basic services. This strongly affected the population in all Syrian governorates since the beginning of the crisis seven years ago. The water sector is considered one of the most affected. Hostilities led to damages in the networks and ensuing water cuts. In addition, main pumping stations, boreholes and sanitation networks ceased to function. This research aims at identifying the locations and extent of damages in the water networks in Homs governorate based on the percentage of water and sanitation networks as well as solid waste management services compared to the pre-conflict situation. The research depends on utilizing the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based on descriptive data. The information used comprises primary data collected in the field using structured questionnaires filled by the local population as well as secondary data produced by humanitarian organizations, SARC and governmental institutions. The results show decreased the coverage of water and sanitation networks in Homs Governorate notably outside the county centers while it is almost non-existent in the urban areas. The latter include the southern and eastern counties Al Qariateen, Sadd, Mheen, Al furqulus, Al Ruqama and Hisia. Furthermore, more than half of the population living in the eastern urban areas rely on water trucking. The discontinuity of municipal services and malfunction of solid waste removal trucks resulted in the accumulation of waste in many areas. Therefore, the state of solid waste management is evaluated to be mostly “bad”, while the reminder only reaches “medium” category, which means, the municipalities do not collect the waste, or collect and dump inside the city .This situation strongly increases the risk of an outbreak of infectious diseases.

Removing of Heavy Metals from Sewage Water Using Chitosan Extracted from Crustacean Waste

The biological role of chitosan which was prepared by chemical method from shrimp waste Penaeus semisulcatus and the outer skeleton for marine crab Portunus pelagicus in some industrial and agricultural applications were studied. The concentration of prepared chitosan was 1% (w/v) at pH (4 and 8) for 12 hours in precipitation and chelating heavy metals (Lead, Zinc, Iron, Cupper and Cadmium) from of sewage water. Concentration of elements was measured by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ) FAAS). The results of the study indicated that the concentration of the water elements was high before treated with chitosan. The results showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in element concentration percentage after treated with crab chitosan. In contrast, shrimp chitosan displayed a minimum effect on decreasing the amount of heavy metals. Moreover, the results showed that the higher percentage for mineral adsorption was at pH (4 as compared with 8). The results confirmed the possibility of using chitosan in chelate and precipitate the mineral ions from polluted water.

The Use of Treated Waste Water in Growth and Production of Indoor Tomato

استخدام مياه الصرف الصحي المعالجة في نمو وانتاج البندورة المحمية التحاليل الكيميائية والقياسات الفيزيائية. التحليل الاحصائي العناصر الغذائية تصميم الترجمة. مياه الصرف الصحي المعالجة.

Use of Non-Conventional Water in the Production of Safe Fodder Crops

An experiment was conducted for two seasons 2015 -2016, to study the effect of treated waste water (TWW) on some fodder crops productivity at Salamieh Research Center (GCSAR), on triticale and sesbania crops within crop rotation. This experiment was conducted with collaboration between (ACSAD) and (GCSAR). The experimental design was split plot design with three replicates, using drip irrigation (DI) and surface irrigation (SI) systems with two treatments namely fresh water (FW) and (TWW). Soil and water were analyzed before cultivation.

Investigation of spatial & temporal variations of nutrient in the coastal Water of Banias city

Half quarterly water samples were collected during the period between March 2015 and February 2016 of four different stations from Banias city water that is subject to the effect of sewage and estuaries. The concentrations of nutrients (H3SiO4 -, PO4 -3, NO3 -, NO2 - , NH4 + ) and the concentrations of chlorophyll a were determined to find out how affected by the temporal and spatial variability. The highest concentrations of phosphate and ammonia ions were observed at station St3 (close to the sewage), while the highest concentrations of nitrate ions were registered at the stations St1 and St2 (estuaries). The results showed high values of chlorophyll a in April (due to spring bloom of phytoplankton) and October (autumn bloom). The ions ratio ΣN/P revealed that phosphorus ions are limiting factor of the phytoplankton growth at St1 and St2, and that nitrogen ions are limiting factor of growth at the stations St3 and St4. The ratio Si/ΣN revealed that silicate ions are limiting factor of the growth of diatoms in all the stations.

The Syrian Water Situation – An Analytical Study with Future Prospects

This research aims to shed a light on the current state of the Syrian water resource through studying the present resources and analyzing the demand on them and their availability during the period (1992-2012). This study focues at deriving the future forecast on the development of the demand on these resources in order to better conceptualize their current state. This in turn will lead to concluding a set of results and recommendations that could contribute to improve the state of the water resource in the sense of achieving sustainability and prohibiting its depletion through the efficient and planned usage.

Effects of Sewage Sludge Application on Dry Biomass and Wood Volume of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Plantation in Fedio (Lattakia)

This study was carried out during 2013 – 2015 and aimed to assess the effects of applying dry sewage sludge on dry biomass production and wood volume of Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation established on sandy soil in Fedio plantation-Lattakia at April - 2013. Four experimental treatments were compared at age 22 months: SS1 (sewage sludge 3 kg/tree), SS2 (sewage sludge 6 kg/tree), MF (mineral fertilizer), and C (no fertilizer applications). Aboveground dry biomass production and wood volume in the SS1 treatment were about 107.60 t/ ha and 121.13 m3/harespectively, MF treatment (87.52 t/ha, 96.98 m3/ha) and SS2 treatment (91.12 t/ha, 103.42 m3/ha)and higher than in the control treatment (43.89 t/ha, 51.32 m3/ha ).

The Effect of Applying Sewage Sludge on Biomass Production and Wood Volume of Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Generally, sewage sludge is dumped into sanitary landfills, even though its use in forest stands as a fertilizer and soil conditioner might be an interesting option. However, sewage sludge must be applied with care to avoid soil and water pollution. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of applying dry sewage sludge on wet biomass production and wood volume of short rotation Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation established on sandy soil in Fedio plantation.

تأثير الري بمياه محطة معالجة الصرف الصحي ( محطة الشيخ سعد) في صفات الجودة الكيميائية والميكروبية لبعض أنواع الخضار المزروعة جنوب محافظة حلب وإمكانية تحسينها

تأثير الري بمياه محطة معالجة الصرف الصحي ( محطة الشيخ سعد) في صفات الجودة الكيميائية والميكروبية لبعض أنواع الخضار المزروعة جنوب محافظة حلب وإمكانية تحسينها

Study of the efficiency of aerobic treatment of primary sludge resulting from sewage sedimentation

The study was conducted to determine the efficiency of the aerobic treatment of primary sludge resulting from sewage sedimentation and to determine the optimum residence time by measuring the indicators of total solids, chemical oxygen demand, organic content and dewatering ability of the sludge.