The Holy Quran among the heavenly books states the phases of
embryo development vividly, by naming each phase and defining
the beginning and the end of it.
It describes the outer appearance of the embryo, and mentions in
details the embryogenesis
stages.
In this article ( The Jurisprudence Of Fetus Between Science And
Law ) I'll try discuss (review) past and present opinions of the
scientists who studied embryonic stages, asking Allah ( S.W.T.
)help and guidance.
This Paper offers an effective method to measure the length of the
femur in Fetal Ultrasound Images, it applies a series of steps
starting with the reducing amount of noise in these images, and
then converted them to a binary form and uses morphol
ogical
operations to segment the femur and isolate it from the rest of the
image objects, then it applies an Edge Detector in order to find the
edges of the bone, then uses the Hough Transform to detect straight
lines in the image. we apply overlapping for resulted lines on the
original image, finally we choose the most significant and longest
straight line which is corresponding to the length of the femur. The
proposed method facilitates the measurement of the femur without
the help of a physician through a series of steps.
This Paper offers an innovative way for auto segmentation of the fetal head in
ultrasound US images. There is high amount of noise in US images, which it affects the
visual appearance of the area of head. The research depends on auto segmentation
mechanism without the need for user intervention at any stage of proposed method, so this
is what makes segmentation process is difficult and important at the same, because the
weakness of the edges and not fully enclosed in the desired region. We relied on a Level
Set method to segment the head area, after determining the initial contour automatically by
the Region Properties Function. The proposed method proves effective in the head area
segmentation without being influenced by noise or the existence of discontinuities in the
edges of the head, despite the absence of a pre-processing stage in a series of steps applied
to several ultrasound images in different sizes and sources. The last step is to calculate the
secondary diameter of the output ellipse (the fetal head sector) depending on the properties
of the region, and this final measurement represents the Bi Parietal Diameter BPD, an
important measure enables the physician to assess gestational age and determine the birth
of the fetus date. Segmentation result has been authenticated based on similarity criteria,
and the final measurement accuracy has been compared with manual measurements carried
out by a specialist. The comparison results showed the effectiveness of the proposed
algorithm and its success by up to 98%.
This study was made at ALASSAD Hospital-TISHREEN University in-LATTAKIA
at the Department of Obestetrics and Gynecology in the period between 1/1/2013 and
1/1/2014. The number of patients the study was 190.Including140 cases have been holding
memb
rane stripping and 50 cases without membrane stripping.
According to Bishop –Scoring index we have estimated the uterine cervix in patients,
then a Membrane- Stripping was made.
Rate of response was 79.28% in cases of membrane stripping "then 54%in cases "
without membrane striping ". In most cases of response ,we need to do the membrane
stripping twice.Top of response was obtained when Bishop –Scoring index was between 4-
6 (Moderate ripening of the cervix).
Rate of Vaginal Delivery was 87.85% in cases of membrane stripping and 76%
without membrane stripping.
The complications were limited in the study group included:
1-Infection( 0.58%).
2-Bleeding 0.58%.
3-PROM 1.16%.
It means that Membrane Stripping was somehow safe.
In this paper we present a new method for extracting the fetal
electrocardiogram (FECG) signal from one thoracic ECG signal and
one or more abdominal signals.
Prenatal detection of congenital heart disease is possible from the 16th week of
pregnancy. the ideal time being the Midtrimester ,when the most cardiac abnormalities can be detected
,where all routine cross sectional views are easily obtainable.
To evaluate the detection and accuracy of fetal echocardiography for congenital heart defects among high
risk pregnancies.
To find out the correlation between persistence of uterine artery notch and
development of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), and
to see if Doppler assessment can help identify high risk pregnancies.
Fetus images produced by 2D ultrasound devices are ambiguous and lack precision. This led to the need
for offering a 3D visualization of the fetus, which allows visualizing width, height, and angle, in order to
get additional information about the
fetus, and detect fetus abnormalities.
We explain in this paper our method in producing 3D models of the fetus from 2D images using a
computer system without the need for changing the 2D imaging devices, and without using position
sensors.
Our method is based on passing the probe over the pregnant woman's abdomen and make a manual scan
for the entire body of the fetus from top of the head till the bottom of his feet, then it saves this scan as a
video clip then send, it to the computer which segments the video into multiple images which are saved and
later processed using digital processing principles of images. Then these processed images are
reconstructed to produce the volume matrix and then display it in a 3D form using 3D model construction
methods.
We applied our software on various fetuses of different ages and got volume images which are considered
good in comparison with the images offered by currently available systems and devices. The precision of
the images we got, differs according to the change in fetus pose, amniotic liquid, and fetus size, The
obstetrician or gynecologist can retrieve more precise details by changing the angle and displaying volume
images of certain part of the fetus body.
Ibn Kayem Al-Jawziyya, is Shams Al-Din Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Abi Bakr
Ibn Ayyub Ibn Saad Zorai Damascus. (691/1291-751/1350).This researcher putted
important scientific facts in the reproduction, in a scientific manner, he wrote about
fertiliz
ation and how to already happening, so he earlier in European`s scientists in
ontogenesis theory, and that by saying: "The fetus creates from man`s water with
woman`s water" so he violated the preformation theory that prevailed in the Middle
ages for many years. He also spooked about pregnancy, signs ,duration, and clinical
diagnosis, and the movement of the fetus ant the his coup. As well as, he described
the order of the Extra-embryonic membranes, under the name of veils by saying:'
the one of the veils of this darkness cloaking his own, he mentioned the almighty
phases of creation and transfer of case, and mentioned darkness of veils at the
abdomen and the darkness of the uterus and the darkness of the placenta, the each
one of these veil on the fetus". Researcher came to a brief explanation of the stages
of embryonic development of human starting the sperm and then embryo and then
fetus inside the uterus, and form systems and organs to determine the form of the
newborn and of the whole, and how to exit born to new life.
In our estimation of the fetal age, we depend on the measurement of the
embryo’s length, the biparietal diameter length and the femur length, rather
than on measurement of the diameter and circumference of the abdomen.
This study has been conducte
d and completed by one person only - the
researcher, specifically- and has been compared with world studies.
Accordingly, it has been found that its conclusions have been close to the
Hadlock Table between the 14th week and the 32nd week of pregnancy, and
close to the Russian Table between the 27th week and the end of pregnancy,
whereas the Japanese Table seemed to have lower figures. If we take the
average of the Hadlock and the Japanese Tables, we find out that it is equal to
the Syrian Table “No. 4”, and the average fetus weight in our country seems
to be close to the average fetal weight in the U. S. A.
The results of this study are the more appropriate for the medical practice in
the Syrian Arab Republic, as the fetus measurements and weight differ from
one country to another due to differences in several factors among which are:
the social, racial, climatic and economical factors among the countries of the
world.
