Capturing Logical Structure of Visually Structured Documents with Multimodal Transition Parser

While many NLP pipelines assume raw, clean texts, many texts we encounter in the wild, including a vast majority of legal documents, are not so clean, with many of them being visually structured documents (VSDs) such as PDFs. Conventional preprocessing tools for VSDs mainly focused on word segmentation and coarse layout analysis, whereas fine-grained logical structure analysis (such as identifying paragraph boundaries and their hierarchies) of VSDs is underexplored. To that end, we proposed to formulate the task as prediction of transition labels'' between text fragments that maps the fragments to a tree, and developed a feature-based machine learning system that fuses visual, textual and semantic cues. Our system is easily customizable to different types of VSDs and it significantly outperformed baselines in identifying different structures in VSDs. For example, our system obtained a paragraph boundary detection F1 score of 0.953 which is significantly better than a popular PDF-to-text tool with an F1 score of 0.739.

A Unified Encoding of Structures in Transition Systems

Transition systems usually contain various dynamic structures (e.g., stacks, buffers). An ideal transition-based model should encode these structures completely and efficiently. Previous works relying on templates or neural network structures either only encode partial structure information or suffer from computation efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel attention-based encoder unifying representation of all structures in a transition system. Specifically, we separate two views of items on structures, namely structure-invariant view and structure-dependent view. With the help of parallel-friendly attention network, we are able to encoding transition states with O(1) additional complexity (with respect to basic feature extractors). Experiments on the PTB and UD show that our proposed method significantly improves the test speed and achieves the best transition-based model, and is comparable to state-of-the-art methods.

Structure-aware Fine-tuning of Sequence-to-sequence Transformers for Transition-based AMR Parsing

Predicting linearized Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) graphs using pre-trained sequence-to-sequence Transformer models has recently led to large improvements on AMR parsing benchmarks. These parsers are simple and avoid explicit modeling of structure but lack desirable properties such as graph well-formedness guarantees or built-in graph-sentence alignments. In this work we explore the integration of general pre-trained sequence-to-sequence language models and a structure-aware transition-based approach. We depart from a pointer-based transition system and propose a simplified transition set, designed to better exploit pre-trained language models for structured fine-tuning. We also explore modeling the parser state within the pre-trained encoder-decoder architecture and different vocabulary strategies for the same purpose. We provide a detailed comparison with recent progress in AMR parsing and show that the proposed parser retains the desirable properties of previous transition-based approaches, while being simpler and reaching the new parsing state of the art for AMR 2.0, without the need for graph re-categorization.

Theoretical study for atomelectromagnetic field interaction, according to Time-dependent perturbation Theory (TDPT)

In this research, we have done Theoretical study, how to use perturbation theory in order to obtain approximate solutions of the time dependent Schrödinger equation. We also considered application of time dependent perturbation theory to case where the atomic quantum system interacts with electromagnetic radiation.

The comparison of the present quarterly system efficiency and the quarterly average of the ratio during the lift (transmission) students from the academic year to year,the highest-An example: Faculty of Economics at the University of Tishreen

Considering that the educational process is a system of processes that are interconnected with each other and participate in the occurrence range of factors, affect and are affected by each of which has the role of the president in the educational process and therefore in the results, as percentages of good success, the proportion of Almitrfien (transferred) to the top grade ..... etc., which invited us to devise a quantitative method to calculate the ratio of students Almitrfien (transferred) from one academic year to a year high, and the comparison between present quarterly system efficiency and the system's quarterly average, and the most important results that have been reached are: 1. percentage lift (transmission) students of the school year j to year, the Supreme j + 1 according to the present quarterly system nearly 60%. 2. accounted lift (transmission) students of the school year j to year, the Supreme j + 1 according to the quarterly system 89.64% average.

Analytical study of the behavior of R.C beam-column joint under cyclic load using ANSYS program

This research deals with analytical study of exterior Beam-Column connections behavior under seismic load. Tow parameters were considered: axial load on the column and confinement of joint region with stirrups. Ansys program was used to analytical study of three types of exterior Beam-Column connections under cyclic load. The results were shown a good agreement with general behavior of three types. The analytical results indicate that the tow parameters will improve the behavior of the connections delay cracking at joint core and increasing connection stiffness in rotation and displacement with decreasing shear value at joint.

Analyzing of Convection Heat Transfer in Absorber Tube of Direct Steam Generation Parabolic Trough Collector (DSG-PTC)

Direct steam generation in parabolic trough collector (DSGPTC) has had a great importance because of its thermoeconomic advantages and many researches have be done in this field. Due to that reason this paper studies the convection heat transfer from absorber tube of a PTC to all phases of water (liquid water, wet steam and dry steam) along the whole distance of fixed length of a DSG-PTC generates a high temperature superheated steam (561 °C). All heat transfer operations in PTC has been modelled and then the convection' components which are; fluid temperature, tube wall-fluid temperatures difference and heat transfer coefficient have been analyzed in details at different operation conditions such as inlet fluid pressure, direct solar beam and mass flow.

An analytical study of the Evolution of the Real time in statistical Quantum mechanics of the Gauge theory (Quarks and Gluons') with the potential expansion until the sixth degree

We take the effective Hamiltonian operator until the sixth degree [18] and this operator has enabled us to convert from gauge theory with group SU(2) into the study of statistical quantum mechanics with the group SU(2) and this mean physically we have converted from the study of an infinite number of particles and of freedom degrees (quarks- gluons-plasma) into study of three particles (Global) independed of space that mains nine of freedom degrees and specifically nine anharmonic oscillators and after that we apply Wigner’s mode [16] on homogenous modes remaining after quantization of the inhomogenous modes and we have concluded the relation of real-time evolution of the color magnetic energy and the color electric energy .

An analytical study of the Evolution of the Real time in statistical Quantum mechanics of the pure Gauge theory (Gluons without Quarks) with the potential expansion until the sixth degree

We take the effective Hamiltonian operator until the sixth degree[12] and this operator has enabled us to convert from pure gauge theory with group SU(2) into the study of statistical quantum mechanics with the group SU(2) and this mean physically we have converted from the study of an infinite number of particles and of freedom degrees (quarks- gluons-plasma) into study of three particles (Global) that mains nine of freedom degrees and specifically nine anharmonic oscillators and after that we apply Wigner’s mode[16] on homogenous modes remaining after quantization of the inhomogenous modes and we have concluded the relation of real-time evolution of the color magnetic energy and the color electric energy .

Generalized Method of Heat Calculation of Evaporators and Condensers of Refrigeration Plants

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a general approach to calculate the heating load of evaporators and condensers in refrigeration plants. This approach is based on both analytical-graphical and iteration methods. The general heat resistance has been calculated by easier and less complicated procedures. Heat load in any heat exchanger is obtained using produced tables and graphs according to the exchanger type.