Micro-Textonymic Transformations & Recreation of Collocation In Translation

This piece of research endeavours to highlight the inevitability of the micro-textonymic transformations throughout the process of translation. The claim that translation necessitates transformation has been ascertained through rendering a few non/conventional micro-textonymic English collocational patterns into Arabic. However, though some translation theorists comprehend transformations as a remark of inescapable weakness, others maintain its prominence in successfully communicating the TL recipients, to the extent that there is no transation without transformation. Translator's skilfulness and expertise would closely monitor and manage such micro-textonymic transformations, being the decoder of the ST and re-encoder of the TT. Faithfulness in translation has been defined not in relation to extremely possible literalism and adherence to the ST, rather, it stands as a remark of how far do such micro-textonymic transformations help translators communicate the rhetoric of the ST, and guarantee acceptance and readability in the TL language and culture.

The Evolution of the Dandy Figure in the Writings of Thomas Carlyle, Charles Dickens and Edward Bulwer-Lytton

The dandy was an elusive cultural icon which found expression in many literary works and attracted the attention of prominent cultural critics. The general undiscerning assumption was that the dandy was merely a man interested in clothes and matters of style. A more discriminating examination of the dandy figure reveals, however, that he was much more sophisticated than this assumption makes him to be. This paper examines the nineteenth-century theoretical debate about the dandy in the works of Charles Baudelaire and Thomas Carlyle, particularly in Carlyle’s book Sartor Resartus and then proceeds to study the presentation of the dandy figure in two novels by Charles Dickens, Hard Times and Bleak House, and Edward Bulwer-Lytton’s Pelham.

On Arab EFL Learners’ Use of Collocational Information in Electronic Dictionaries

Although research about the use of collocations is growing, there seems to be no single study, to the best of my knowledge, which addresses how electronic dictionaries impact users’ collocational thresholds. This empirical study has been carried out to bridge this gap in the research literature and assess the collocational competence of Arabic-speaking learners of English. The main focus is on their ability to judge the acceptability of verb-noun collocations using electronic dictionaries on CD-ROMs which are claimed to be much more than an ‘ordinary’ reference work.

The Influence of Walt Whitman's Nation- Building Poetics on Kahlil Gibran:A (Comparative Study)

هذا البحث دراسة مقارنة حول شعر بناء الأمة و تأثير الشاعر الأمريكي والت ويتمان في الشاعر الأمريكي اللبناني الأصل جبران خليل جبران. ذلك أن جبران حين اطلع على شعر ويتمان في بناء الأمة الأمريكية اتخذه مصدر إلهام لإصلاح الشعر العربي و الأمة العربية؛ إذ قلده في أسلوبه الإيحائي و في تركيزه على معاني الإصلاح الاجتماعي و السياسي.

Arab EFL Learners’ Use of Electronic Dictionaries

Modern educational and computer technology has greatly affected the design of electronic dictionaries. Various types and sizes have been produced ranging from hand-held devices to multimedia dictionaries on CD-ROMs. Unfortunately, little literature exists on their efficacy and the way these are used; therefore, there is now a pressing need for uncovering the way EFL learners use these tools. This dictionary user profile, survey questionnaire, was constructed to fulfill this need and unearth the electronic dictionary-using habits of Arab EFL learners and underline the various facts about the names of the electronic dictionaries they owned, the reasons when, where, why and how dictionary users employed these dictionaries and whether there was any particular information they used more often. Endeavour was made to pinpoint any difficulties in using any category of information and reveal participants’ look-up habits and attitudes towards dictionaries.

A Confined Amorous Being: The Eastern Woman between Travel Literature and English Drama

This paper explores the image of the Eastern woman in travel literature and the subsequent treatment of her in the Restoration and eighteenth century drama. The study shows that the travelers’ stories and notions of the Eastern woman’s lifestyle were adopted by the English dramatists and sometimes incorporated in their particulars. It argues that travel literature played a profound role in constructing the image of the Eastern woman on the English stage, in that period, as a subjugated lascivious ‘being’ and stresses that this very negative image was based on the misconceptions and often ill-founded narrations of the travelers.

Conflicting Careers? F. Scott Fitzgerald the Literary Artist and the Professional Writer

F. Scott Fitzgerald always believed that the novel was the only worthy outlet for his artistic genius. Even though he is mainly known for his novels today, they did not sell as expected during his lifetime. To provide for his family and to save money in order to be able to take time off for novel writing, Fitzgerald became a commercial fiction writer. The magazines which he wrote for were generous with those writers who were willing to play by their rules, yet, Fitzgerald was not happy with this situation. Publishing in mass-circulation magazines left him guilt ridden and earned him a reputation as a writer who squandered his talent and sold out to the magazine market. Fitzgerald's attempt to be both a literary artist and a professional writer and the lasting conflict this desire caused in Fitzgerald's professional life has been largely ignored. To clarify this conflict, the paper will delve into details about Fitzgerald's business connections with renowned magazines and with his publisher, Scribners, to highlight the role the slick magazine market and that of publishers' policies played in Fitzgerald's literary career.

Autonomy in Distance English Language Learning

Open and distance learning is experiencing a rapid growth throughout the world and Syria is no exception. With the turn of the new millennium, Syria launched two state institutes for distance learning: The Open Learning Centre (opened in 2001) and the Syrian Virtual University (opened in 2002). The Syrian Virtual University (SVU), one of its kind in the whole Arab region, offers students the opportunity to gain education through an online learning environment based on the latest technology. Since Syria is a country where English has become an important educational requirement, the teaching of English as a foreign language has therefore entered the arena of distance learning.

Weak Forms: How Do Arabic-speaking Learners of English Use Them?

This paper attempts to investigate the way Arab learners of English deal with weak form items and the difficulty they encounter in using such grammatical items in context. This problem was approached from two different avenues. I therefore carried out two separate tests. The first test, the pronunciation test, showed that Arab learners have a serious problem with pronouncing weak form items. The second test, the identification test, also demonstrated that Arab learners had a problem with identifying weak form words in context.

An Analysis of Errors Made By Yemeni University Students in The English Consonant- Clusters System

This study aims to shed light by giving a critical analysis of errors made by Yemeni/Hodeidah. University students in the area of English consonant clusters system. This causes a major problem for university students’ interlingual and intralingual strategies. The technique used is an error analysis for a random sample of three levels at English Dept. Faculty of Education, Hodeidah University focusing on data collection and data analysis and arriving at recommendations and conclusion of the study.