Terracing is one of the oldest means for saving water and soil in Syria. This study
aims to evaluate the bench terraces efficiency in water and soil conservation in Salata
Village (30 km southeast of Lattakia). For this purpose, runoff and soil ero
sion were
estimated and compared between two treatments in one selected field, the first represent a
part of slope without terrace "witness", the second represents terraces "two adjacent plots
with terraces" Where three experimental plots, each one of 50 m2 were used for the
measurement of surface runoff and sediment concentration.
The study showed low values of runoff coefficient on "terraces" treatment compared
to the "witness", where its average value during the study period was 7.2% for "terraces",
and 27% for the "witness". As it turns out the low rate of soil loss during the same period,
from 79 t/ ha/year for the "witness" to 5.2 t/ ha/yeardown the "terraces".
The study confirmed the importance of terraces in water and soil conservation by
limiting soil erosion and reducing surface runoff.
This study was analyzed the temporal variation of Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of natural
stands of cedrus libani in the northern humid part and eastern exposure of the Syrian
coastal mountains (Slenfeh, Jawbat Burghal), and its correlation with climatic variables
(temperature and precipitation) during the period of 2004-2014. We examined the
interannual and seasonal variation in NDVI values of Cedrus stands, and accumulative
effects of climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) on stands using simple linear
regression and correlation (Pearson). The NDVI values of Cedrus libani stands showed
significant increase in Slenfeh and Jawbat Burghal (0.006, 0.004 /year) respectively. We
found that the annual mean NDVI was significantly correlated with annual mean
precipitation in Jawbat Burghal (R = 0.689).The significant increase trend of seasonal
mean NDVI was in Slenfeh summer and Jawbat Burghal winter (R = 0.638, R = 0.724)
respectively. The results showed, there were accumulative effects of temperature on
Cedrus libani in Slenfeh and Jawbat Burghal in autumn and winter, while the
accumulative effects of precipitation in autumn and summer were noted.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of Bauhinia variegate, Bouganivillea
glabra, Ligustrum vulgare and Ficus brnjamina as bioaccumulators for Nickel. The
concentration of Nickel in the studied plant leaves, bark, wood and soils in Al-Fors
an
Garden (Lattakia City) was determined. The results showed that the Nickel concentration
in the Ficus brnjamina leaves and bark was significantly high (11.04 and 12.37 ppm)
respectively compared to other studied plants, whereas the nickel concentration was
approximately the same in the other studied parts, and approximately the same as its
natural concentration in plants. Our results also showed that the nickel concentration in the
studied soil did not exceed the international norms of children gardens (about 57ppm), but
it was very low regarding the park soils. The relationship between the nickel concentration
in Ficus brnjamina wood and Bouganivillea glabra bark was the most significant.
This study aims to compare the ability of four plant species (Ficus benjamina L.,
Bougainvillea glabra, Ligustrum vulgare L., Bauhinia variegate Linn.) to absorb and
accumulate the cadmium element which is basically emitted by motor vehicles
(tran
sportation). The four species were planted in Alfoursan Park in Lattakia City. Samples
of leaves, bark, wood and soil were collected, and then processed (drying, digesting and
filtrating) for analysis using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed
that the highest concentration of cadmium was in the bark of Bougainvillea glabra 4.4 ppm
(in dry weight), next in the leaves of Bougainvillea glabra 4.2 ppm, then in the bark of
Ficus benjamina L. 3.93 ppm, and finally in the bark of Bauhinia variegate Linn. 3.55ppm.
The lowest concentration, however, was in the wood of Ficus benjamina L. 1.66 ppm. The
results show the importance of the four species and the potential of absorption and
accumulation of the cadmium element. Results also showed the superiority of
Bougainvillea glabra over Ficus benjamina L., Ligustrum vulgare L. and Bauhinia
variegate Linn. Bougainvillea glabra is classified in the study as an accumulator plant
important to purify the environment from the cadmium element.
This study aims to investigate the abilities of two tree species (Pinus brutia and
Cupressus sempervirens) planted in Banias Refinery Company to absorb and accumulate
lead and zinc basically emitted by the Refinery. Samples of the planted species (
leaves,
bark, and wood) and soil from around the plants were collected and analyzed by atomic
absorption spectrophotometer. The results did not show significant pollution with these
two elements. Moreover, there were not any significant differences between the two
species in terms of the accumulation of Pb and Zn. While the Pb concentrations ranged
between (24.96-30.84 ppm) for P. brutia and (24.05-30.23 ppm) for C. sempervirens, the
Zn concentrations ranged between (34.99-82.99 ppm) for P. brutia, (18.11-59.86 ppm) for
C. sempervirens. It was also revealed that P. brutia bark accumulated Pb more than the
other parts, whereas C. sempervirens leaves accumulated Zn more than the other parts.
Pinus brutia cover 67.87% of AlFronloq protected area, this forest provide habitat
for wildlife especially forest birds. The aim of this study is to define bird species that use
Pinus brutia forest and their relation to vegetation characteristics.W
e listed 63 bird species,
9 of them recorded for first time, 31.8% of species are resident in study area, where
raptors presented 15.9%.
The study showed positive correlation between species richness and plant richness
(R=0.588, P= 0.007). Shrubs layer coverage and richness affected positively bird species
richness and density. The study showed also decreasing of bird species richness with
Altitude, while raptors richness were increased with Altitude.The dominat species were
Coal tit Parus ater, wren Troglodytes troglodytes ,whereas species like Chaffinch Fringilla
coelebs, chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita were the most abundant.
This investigation was carried out at the Laboratory of Biotechnology at
General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during the
season 2010-2011. The aim of this research was to study the genetic diversity
among twenty individ
ual plants of seven species and to determine the degree of
genetic similarity using the technique ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats)
and 10 primers were used for this purpose. All primers proved their
effectiveness in showing polymorphism between the studied species, primers
gave a total 195 allele with a polymorphic percentage 100%. The number of
bands for each primer varied from a minimum of 12 bands for the primer
(ISSR-4) to a maximum of 27 bands for the primer (ISSR-862) in an average of
19.5 bands for each primer, cluster analysis and Dendrogram showed the
highest degree of genetic similarity between accession A.leucoclada1 and
A.leucoclada2 (0.64), while it was low between species A.leucoclada3 and
A.glauca2 (0.10). Results showed vast genetic diversity among the studied
species.
يبقى الرعي الحر المستمر شائعًا في مراعي الجولان، و نظرًا لآثاره الضارة بالغطاء النباتي و الإنتاج
الحيواني نفذت تجربة مقارنته مع نظام الرعي الدوري لمدة ست سنوات، على قطيع من العجول بعمر
10-8 أشهر، قسم إلى مجموعتين تضم كل مجموعة ستة رؤوس، رعت على قطع
تين متساويتين مساحة
كل منها 3.6 هكتار، ُتركت الأولى للرعي الحر، وُ نّفذ الرعي الدوري على القطعة الثانية التي حدد فيها 12
وحدة شرائطية بواسطة سلك كهربائي يغذى بجهاز EK-1M مولد للتيار لتأمين نظام رعي دوري لمدة 105- 96 أيام سنويًا بدءًا من أول آذار.
نفذ هذا البحث في محطة بحوث الغابات في شيماي ناحية فاني الواقعة غربي بلجيكا، ضمن نشاطات
الشبكة الأوروبية للمراقبة المستمرة لنظام الغابات البيئي، و أجريت التحاليل فـي مخـابر قـسم الميـاه
و الغابات بكلية الهندسة البيئية و الزراعية في جامعة لوفان الجدي
دة، و قد تركز البحث حـول دور المـادة
العضوية و طابق توت السياج تحت الغابة في استقرار النظام البيئي و تفعيـل دورة العناصـر المعدنيـة
لتحسين شروط الوسط و زيادة خصوبة التربة و حماية بادرات الأشجار.
تتألف غابة شيماي من الطوابق النباتية الآتية: الأشجار العالية و المتوسطة و القصيرة، و يغطي أرض
الغابة طابق شجيري تسوده أنواع توت السياج .spp Rubus و أعداد من بادرات الأشجار، و لا يعطى هذا
الطابق الأهمية الكافية في معظم البحوث الحراجية .
This study was carried out during 2013 – 2015 and aimed to assess the effects of
applying dry sewage sludge on dry biomass production and wood volume of Eucalyptus
camaldulensis plantation established on sandy soil in Fedio plantation-Lattakia at A
pril -
2013.
Four experimental treatments were compared at age 22 months: SS1 (sewage sludge
3 kg/tree), SS2 (sewage sludge 6 kg/tree), MF (mineral fertilizer), and C (no fertilizer
applications). Aboveground dry biomass production and wood volume in the SS1
treatment were about 107.60 t/ ha and 121.13 m3/harespectively, MF treatment (87.52 t/ha,
96.98 m3/ha) and SS2 treatment (91.12 t/ha, 103.42 m3/ha)and higher than in the control
treatment (43.89 t/ha, 51.32 m3/ha ).
