The Relative Importance of Competitiveness Axes and its Role in Economic Growth in Syria

The concept of competitiveness is a new economic concept characterized by dynamism and consists of three axes, which are basic requirements, efficiency enhancers and creativity development factors. Therefore, attention must be paid to competitiveness and benefit should be obtained from its concept to achieve economic development, growth and improving people's living standard. In this research we studied the relationship between per capita GDP as a touchstone of economic growth on the one hand, and competitiveness index on the other. We also determined priorities posed by competitive axes in calculating the value of this index to get standard models that play a role in determining relations and predicting future values, and determining the appropriate strategy for economic growth. We concluded that the basic prerequisites play the largest role in the planning of economic growth (45%), followed by boosters (34%), and we discovered that creativity development factors play a trivial role in economic growth (21%). These results indicate that the competitive index depends on the service and commercial hubs and creativity development is not given the attention it deserves as it has an essential role in the economic growth and cultural progress.

Studying of electrical power systems reliability using petri nets and apply it on medium voltage network of Balloran line in Lattakia

The purpose of this study is to define the reliability index for electrical power systems specifically and without using alot of data and treating processes. Results of this study is useful in electrical networks planning and design because of its technical and economical importance in the optimal choosing of networks elements and connections. In this research we use petri nets concept to represent electrical nets under studying then simulate the equivalent chart on GRIF program to find reliability degree for the system and its elements. This research includes comparing the suggested methodology to a reference net and then apply this method on electrical local network to discuss the results. It has been proved that petri nets are effective in reliability calculations with the best of simulation methods.

Reducing the Consumed Energy in the Dynamic Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks

The dynamic clustering-based hierarchical routing protocols are one of the methods used to save energy and increase the lifetime of wireless sensor networks, however, that most of the researches are neglecting the energy expended in election of the heads and formation of clusters in the network. In this paper, we examine the overhead energy caused by hierarchical routing protocols based on dynamic clustering and study its impact on the stability period of the wireless sensor networks. Also, we proposed a solution to limit this energy by reducing the consumed energy in election of heads and clusters formation operations. It is shown through the simulation results that the energy consumed in LEACH setup phase decreases the stability period of these networks and increases the number of dead nodes. And the use of the proposed solution reduced the energy consumption during the election of the heads and the formation of clusters clearly compared to the normal way followed in LEACH, which has increased stability period and the number of live nodes in the network.

Evaluate the performance of the authentication protocols in cellular networks according to the quality of service

LTE’s success as a high throughput, and umbrella technology for wireless networks is highly affected by the researchers’ capability of solving its current security vulnerabilities. Mutual authentication was adopted by mobile networks to overcome vulnerabilities exploited by “IMSI catcher” and other active attacks. 3GPP’s mutual authentication implementation in EPS AKA succeeded in enhancing the network’s security, but failed to cover weaknesses inherited from its predecessor (UMTS). One of those vulnerabilities is the passive capturing of IMSIs during user identification in the Authentication and Key Agreement protocol. Many researchers tried over the past years, to propose an alternative for EPS AKA, able to ensure high levels of security and offer acceptable QoS performance. In this paper, we will crypt-analyze (SPAKA and PBKP) which was claimed to solve EPS AKA’s privacy and mutual authentication weaknesses, then we will compare its QoS performance to EC-AKA and EPS AKA. Our proposed protocol “EC-AKA” is a real candidate to replace the current authentication and Key Agreement protocol, because of its excellent performance in all the studied parameters.

The Reliability of Wireless Sensor Networks Used For Early Detection of Fire, Status: Fir & Cedar Preserve in Lattakia, Syria

A lot of research directed its concern to the reliability of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) used in various applications, especially in early detection of forest fires to ensure the reliability of warning alarms sent by sensors and reduce the average of false warnings. In this research we have tried to evaluate the reliability of WSN used in early detection of fires in Fir and cedar preserve, mainly. By designing hybrid WSN network, similar to the terrains of the preserve and modeling it using program Opnet14.5. We have studied several scenarios, to allow increasing malfunction of the network resulting from fire break out and spreading: starting in allowance of 0% and comparing its results the results of mathematical equations of reliability according to the same scenarios. In addition, we have calculated the final availability through suggesting a mechanism to improve WSN reliability using the redundancy, i.e add sensitive spare nodes, which replace the damaged ones as the result of fire. The results have proved the remarkable increasing of reliability. Also, it has been predicted of the reliability of the network designed according to reliability of different values of the nodes used by using one of the reliability devices "the Block Diagram".

Experimental study to improve Heat pump Coefficient of performance using solar power

In this study، a traditional air source heat pump was modified by adding secondary evaporator within hot water tank which acted as a water heat source of the heat pump. We made the heat pump to run alternatively either using surrounding air heat or water heat gained from solar power. We have done experiments during five months starting in December of 2014 until April 2015. Temperature and pressure were measured at specific points of the cycle. Then we defined the enthalpy at each point for both cycles using EES software (which is a software to simulate thermodynamic elements)، and calculated the amounts of heat gained in the evaporator، heat charged from the condenser، compressor work، coefficient of performance ، and electrical power consumed by the compressor. Then we made a compare between the two cycles and found that the improvement ratio in of the modified cycle to the traditional cycle was 77.07%، and the reduction ratio in electrical power consumed by the compressor of the modified cycle was 33.54%.

Effect of treatment of the tomato seeds with strains of PGPR for inducing systemic resistance against cucumber mosaic virus in green house

The study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Pseudomonas chlororaphis MA342, Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48K, Bacillus subtillis B2g, B. subtillis FZB27 to induce systemic resistance in Tomato plants against Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) under greenhouse conditions. Tomato seeds submerged in suspension of Pseudomonas chlororaphis MA342, Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48, Bacillus subtillis B2g and B. subtillis FZB27 9×109cfu . plants emerged from these seed were inoculated with CMV after 10 days of planting. The time of beginning symptoms was recorded, Disease incidence, disease severity, area under disease progress curve AUDPC, progress of infection disease degrees during the study period were calculated using virtual symptoms . pyroxidas enzyme activity was determined, Some growth parameters such as Plant height, foliage fresh weight, root fresh weight , foliage dry weight, root dry weight were observed after 30 DAI. Results of this study showed that seed treatment with Pseudomonas chlororaphis MA342, Serratia .plymuthica HRO-C48, Bacillus subtillis B2g, B. subtillis FZB27 significantly decreased the diseases incidence on treated and inculated plants which ranged between 40% - 66.66% ,compared with un treated and inculated control 93.33% Without the presence of significant differences between the bacterial treatments. significantly decreased the diseases severity on treated plants which ranged between 45.53 %- 62.2% compared with inculated and un treated control 88.86% .Without the presence of significant differences between the bacterial treatments. Peroxidas activity on treated plants increased by Compared with untreated plants. Seed treatments with bacteria significantly increased the plant growth. The plant height , fresh and dry weight of foliage, fresh and dry weight of root on treated plants were significantly higher than those of inculated and un-treated plants according to LSD 5%.where bacteria reduced the rate of stunting and the rate of decline mild and dry weight of foliage and mild and dry weight of the root occurring due to infection with the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV).

Interaction Between Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Some Soil Fungus and Their Effects on Growth of Onion

A pots experiment was carried out using two soil types (clay loam and sand soil) to study the interaction between VA-mycorrhizal (My) and some soil fungi under the effect of rock phosphat on growth of onion plant. The interaction between mycorrhizal (My) and other soil fungi increased the fresh weight of root in comparison with mycorrhizal (My) alone, however the differences were not significant except for (Saccharomyces+Mycorrhiza) (Sac+My) similar results were obtained in sandy loam soil. The percentage of root colonization on the growth of onion plant was not effected by the interaction between mycorrhiza (My) and other osil fungi (Actinomucor, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Saccharomyces) (Act, Asp, P, Sac). This value, however was high in the second harvest in treatment mycorrhiza (My) and (My+Sac) (My+Act) The VAM- fungus alone and their interaction with other soil fungi increased the plant growth.

Evaluating performance and reliability of AODV, ADV routing protocols in VANET environment using NCTUns 6.0 simulator

In this paper, we use NCTUns 6.0 to simulate this kind of networks ,because it is difficult to do that is the real world .In this paper, two routing protocols (AODV, ADV) are studied within many scenarios to achieve their performances and reliability using many metrics. We conclude that ADV routing protocol adapts quickly when the complexity of network and mobility of nodes increase. This is achieved by varying the size and frequency of routing updates.

A Study of the Physical Layer Built-in Security for CDMA systems

In this research, the reliability and security weakness of the existing CDMA are studied and analyzed.