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Competitiveness of Syrian Apple Exports

القدرة التنافسية لصادرات التفاح السوري في الأسواق الخارجية

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 Publication date 2017
  fields Agrarian Economy
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The aim of this research was to analyze the current structure of Syrian apple exports, and highlighting the relative advantage of this crop and its competitive position on the markets of the key importing countries of Syrian apples. The analysis was based on secondary data published by FAO during 2000-2013. Descriptive statistical analyses were used, in addition to estimates of time trend equations to identify the evolution in quantity, value and price of both Syrian apple exports and imports, and to determine certain indicators of export competitiveness, besides to applicate the linear programming model for optimal distribution of Syrian apple exports.


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Research summary
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل الهيكل الحالي لتجارة التفاح السورية في الأسواق الخارجية، مع التركيز على الميزة النسبية لهذا المحصول ووضعه التنافسي في الأسواق الرئيسية المستوردة للتفاح السوري. اعتمدت الدراسة على بيانات ثانوية من منظمة الأغذية والزراعة العالمية (الفاو) للفترة بين 2000-2013. استخدمت الدراسة أساليب التحليل الإحصائي الوصفي ومعادلات الاتجاه الزمني لتحديد تطور كمية وقيمة وسعر الصادرات والواردات السورية من التفاح، وتقدير بعض مؤشرات القدرة التنافسية التصديرية، وتطبيق نموذج البرمجة الخطية للتوزيع الأمثل للصادرات السورية من التفاح. أظهرت النتائج أن مصر تحتل المرتبة الأولى كأهم سوق تصديري للتفاح السوري بنسبة 49.49% من متوسط كمية الصادرات السورية و55.7% من متوسط قيمة الصادرات. تتمتع سوريا بميزة نسبية واضحة في تصدير التفاح، حيث بلغ متوسط معامل الميزة النسبية الظاهرة نحو 5.14. كما سجل معامل الاستقرار لقيمة الصادرات أفضل مستوى بمتوسط قدره 2.41%. وأظهرت النتائج أن سوريا تتمتع بميزة نسبية سعرية في تصدير التفاح مقارنة بدول مثل إيطاليا والولايات المتحدة وتشيلي وفرنسا وهولندا ونيوزيلندا وبلجيكا وإسبانيا وألمانيا والنمسا. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة وجود سياسة متكاملة لتشجيع الصادرات الزراعية، وتوفير قاعدة بيانات تخدم قطاع الإنتاج والتصدير.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة شاملة ومفصلة في تحليلها للقدرة التنافسية لصادرات التفاح السوري. ومع ذلك، يمكن الإشارة إلى بعض النقاط التي قد تعزز من قوة الدراسة. أولاً، كان من الممكن أن تتضمن الدراسة تحليلاً أعمق للعوامل الداخلية التي تؤثر على القدرة التنافسية مثل جودة المنتج وكفاءة العمليات الزراعية. ثانياً، لم تتناول الدراسة بشكل كافٍ تأثير العوامل السياسية والاقتصادية العالمية على تجارة التفاح السوري. ثالثاً، كان من الممكن أن تكون هناك توصيات أكثر تفصيلاً حول كيفية تحسين القدرة التنافسية لصادرات التفاح السوري في الأسواق العالمية. وأخيراً، يمكن أن تكون هناك حاجة إلى دراسات ميدانية إضافية لتأكيد النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها من البيانات الثانوية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي أهم الأسواق التصديرية للتفاح السوري؟

    أهم الأسواق التصديرية للتفاح السوري هي مصر، الأردن، العراق، السعودية، ليبيا، السودان، الإمارات، اليمن، والكويت.

  2. ما هو معامل الميزة النسبية الظاهرة لصادرات التفاح السوري؟

    بلغ متوسط معامل الميزة النسبية الظاهرة لصادرات التفاح السوري نحو 5.14 خلال فترة الدراسة.

  3. ما هي التوصيات الرئيسية التي قدمتها الدراسة لتحسين القدرة التنافسية لصادرات التفاح السوري؟

    أوصت الدراسة بضرورة وجود سياسة متكاملة لتشجيع الصادرات الزراعية، وتوفير قاعدة بيانات تخدم قطاع الإنتاج والتصدير، والتركيز على الأسواق الرئيسية مثل مصر والأردن.

  4. كيف يؤثر زيادة المتاح من التصدير بمقدار 20% على الإيرادات الإجمالية؟

    أظهرت نتائج نموذج البرمجة الخطية أن زيادة المتاح من التصدير بمقدار 20% يمكن أن تزيد الإيرادات الإجمالية بنسبة 21%، حيث تتحول الكميات المضافة للتصدير بشكل رئيسي إلى سوقي الإمارات ومصر.


References used
Porter, M. (1990). The competitive advantage of nation. Harvard Businesses Review, March-April
William. A.M.; and A.W. Nelson (1995). Measuring the comparative advantage of agricultural activities: Domestic Resource, Costs and Social Cost-Benefit Ratio, Am. J. Ag. Econ., 77(2 )
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