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Register a new userإستراتيجية استهداف نمو عرض النقد و علاقتها بمعدل نمو الناتج القومي في سورية للفترة ما بين / 2000-2010 /
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يركز البحث على تقييم استراتيجية استهداف معدل نمو عرض النقد في سورية و مدى تأثيرها و علاقتها بمعدل نمو الناتج القومي الإجمالي في الفترة ما بين أعوام 2000-2010م, و في سبيل ذلك يستعرض البحث مفهوم عرض النقد في الأدبيات الاقتصادية, و وسائل استهداف معدل نموه عبر أدوات و سياسات البنك المركزي, و مرتكزات استراتيجية استهداف عرض النقد, وصولاً إلى استعراض التجربة السورية لاستهداف معدل نمو عرض النقد ضمن الخطتين الخمسيتين خلال الفترة 2000 - 2010 م, و ذلك باستخدام الجداول و البيانات و المؤشرات المنشورة عبر البنك المركزي و المجموعة الإحصائية السورية و باستخدام البرنامج الإحصائي SPSS.
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References used
السيد علي, عبد المنعم, اقتصاديات النقود والمصارف, الأكاديمية للنشر, المفرق, الأردن, 1999.
الهواري, سيد, إدارة البنوك, مكتبة عين شمس, القاهرة , 1986
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A survey of infection by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was conducted during a visit to 14 citrus orchards in different regions in Tartous governorate in the Syrian Coast during the spring of 2012. We collected a total of /691/ samples of different vari
eties. Most of the samples were collected from plants with symptoms similar to symptoms caused by viral diseases (dwarfing, yellowing, mosaic, quick- decline, vein clearing, boat or spoon-shaped leaves), while other samples did not carry such symptoms due to the possible presence of latent infections. The samples were tested by using Tissue Blot immunoassay (TBIA). The Results showed that the rate of infection by CTV was 34.15% in the tested samples and the distribution of CTV in citrus orchards was by various ratios. The highest percentage of infection was detected in AL- Hamidiah (62.50%), whereas the lowest infection percentage detected was in Talin nursery (10%). Common orange Balady was the most infected by Citrus tristeza virus (41.43%). No virus infection was recorded in Mandalina samples.
Changes in precipitation patterns are considered one of most important hazards facing terrestrial ecosystems and water resources worldwide. Monthly rainfall data for six meteorological stations located in the Syrian coastal region were used to study
changes in precipitation characteristics during the period 1960-2010. Trends with mann- Kendall Test, Gamma Distribution and Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) were applied to detect changes in seasonal and annual precipitation amount in addition to seasonality. Results showed significant negative trends in annual precipitation in all stations up to 30% in some cases, which could be related to the decrease in spring and winter rainfall amounts that ranged between 38.5% to 50.2% in spring and 14% to 38% in winter. Despite significant decrease in annual precipitation, there were no significant trends in seasonality. These changes in precipitation patterns would pose big challenges to water resources management , agricultural production and forests management.
It is noticeable lag Syria in the passage of the law system BOT
contracts despite that a lot of countries issued legislation on this type of contract, that's what made it necessary to look at appropriate ways to implement the system contracts BOT, t
o stand on these roads and the possibility of development, divided Search to in the first two sections I set the appropriate way to conclude a contract under which the BOT, and the second oldest in the legal guarantees for the financing of projects, the BOT, a ring in search results and recommendations, which lays the foundation for the application of these contracts.
The importance of these scientific research because it is the first
applicated study in Kasab area ,and becomes from the big needing
of materials , which interior in cement industry .So the attention
had directed toward finding alternative locatio
ns for primacy ore
addition to process reconstruction the ancient mine, as a result of
these scientific research we had made a stratigraphical ,geological,
geochemical detailed studies on samples had taken from the Kasab
area, which show that calc rocks, and marl rocks in these area are
duplicated to the standard specifications,which request for
Portland cement industry . where we had definite the new five
reservoirs in the area. From the geochemical analyzes of studded
samples, and geochemical diagram's ,We can say that limestone
samples riches in clay materials need to correct before to use in
cement industry.
The study included 144 Free – living fish from the Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam, collected randomly during the period from 12/2011 until 11/2012, on monthly basis to detect the infection with Epistylis sp. and determine its distribution rate.
Fish sam
ples were: Cyprinus carpio L., Varicorhinus damascinus, Garra rufus, Tilapia zilli, and Liza abu. Tilapia zilli was the most prevalent in the lake of 16 Tishreen Dam.
The study revealed fish infection with Epistylis sp. on free – living fish in the Lake, with a total infection rate 22.22 % , mainly on Tilapia zillii (29.70 %) and then on mullet (2%);No infection with Epistylis sp. Was recorded on the other fish species. The infection with this ecto Epistylis sp. was recorded for the first time in Syria in our study.
The infection with Epistylis sp. was located on the skin, fins and gills. The highest infection rate was on the fins ( 42.34 %) , followed by skin (37.46 %) , and then by gills (1.87 %) .
The infection with Epistylis sp. had the highest rate in summer ; i.e. during high temperature , low concentration of dissolved oxygen , and slightly high value of BOD.
The study showed that, the water of 16 Tishreen Dam is relatively clean.
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