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Register a new userIon Exchanger from Syrian Petroleum Coke of High Sulphur Content and its Use for Industrial Water Softening And Cadmium Ions Removal from Polluted Waters
اصطناع مبادل أيوني من فحم الكوك البترولي السوري المشوب بنسب مرتفعة من الكبريت و استخدامه في إزالة قساوة المياه الصناعية و في التخلص من أيونات الكادميوم من المحاليل الملوثة بها
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قد تم أول مرة اصطناع مبادل أيوني من الكوك بفعالية مقبولة من دون التنشيط الحـراري المـسبق لهذه المادة، خلافاً لما هو متعارف عليه للفحوم الفعالة الاصطناعية، بطريقة بـسيطة و ذلـك بمعالجتـه بالأوليوم و من ثم بكلوريد الصوديوم في درجة حرارة الغرفة. و تميز بذلك عن الفحوم الأحفورية أيـضاً، و لقد اختبرنا أداء هذا المبادل في إزالة قساوة المياه الناتجة عن أيونات الكالسيوم و المغنزيوم و وجـدناه مبادلاً مقبولاً حيث تكون سعة التبادل للمبادل الناتج عن معالجة 20 غ من الكوك بـ 20 مل من الأوليوم 103 ميلي مكافئاً غرامياً / 100 غ مبادل و هو ذو بنية متماسكة بشكل مقبول، أما من أجل المبادل الناتج عن معالجة 20 غ من الكوك بـ 40 مل من الأوليوم فهي 170 ميلي مكافئ غرامي /100 غ مبادل و هو ذو بنية هشة جداً .
A new ion exchanger has been prepared from syrian petroleum coke (S. P. C) of high sulphur content. Preparation of this ion exchanger was carried out by simple treatment of S. P. C with oleum at room temperature followed with statical ion exchange in aqueous sodium chloride solutions. The First, SPC ion exchanger with granular structure resulted from reacting 20 gr of the SPC granules with 20 ml of oleum. Where as a friable ion exchanger was produced when 40 ml of oleum were used in the process. The adsorption capacity of the two SPC ion exchangers was found out to be 100 mgeq and 170 mgeq respectively.
References used
CONCAWE,s Petroleum Products and Health Management Groups, Petroleum Coke, Brussels, October 1993 .P, 2
Krasyokov, A.F.,Naftiong Kokce, Isdatelstvo, chem, 1966, Moscow P. 49, 38
Vedeneev and others, Chemical Bonding Energy, Handbook, AK. Naook USSR, Moscow, 1962 . P. 47
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In this work the process of removal of zinc ions from aqueous solutions was studied using natural Syrian zeolite. Two samples were used: natural zeolite Z and modified zeolite with NaCl solution Z-Na. The removal percentage of zinc ions vs. time was
determined using differential initial concentrations of Zn+2: 50,100,200,300,400 mg/L. The contact time was determined and it was 360 min. The removal of Zn+2 ions as a function of temperature and pH have been studied. It was found the increasing of removal percentage by increasing temperature and increasing when pH increasing up to ~7,then the precipitation of zinc hydroxide accurse. The Langmuire adsorption isotherm equation used to calculate the maximum sorption capacity and it was 21.7 and 28.5 mg/g for Z and Z-Na respectively. Results indicate a significant potential for the natural and modified zeolite as an adsorbent/ion-exchange materials for heavy metal removal.
In this search, the removal of copper and lead ions from aqeous solutions by flotation had
been studied, and the effect of various factors on the removal process.
The study showed that the removal of copper and lead ions was increased by increasing
the
value of the solution pH up to pH = 8 and the removal rate was 80%.
At pH = 10 precipitation of the ions was obtained in the form of hydroxides.
The removal ratio of both ions is increased by increasing the flow of the air within the
solution to reach 98% for copper and 97% for lead at the flow of Q = 1000 ml/min and
then the removal rate decreases to 60% with increasing airflow to Q = 1500 ml/min.
The initial concentration values affect the removal process and the increase in the removal
ratio was shown by increasing the initial concentration. The removal rate of copper ions
was 50 % at the initial concentration of C0 = 50 mg / l to 98% at C0 = 100 mg / l. While the
lead removal rate was 61 % at the initial Concentration C0 = 50 mg/l to 97% at
concentration C0 = 100 mg / l.
The study was carried out on the sorption of heavy metals (Pb+2, Zn+2) under static
conditions from single- and multicomponent aqueous solutions by Syrian Zeolite mineral
extracted from south Syria. The removal has an ion-exchange nature and consis
ts of three
stages: the adsorption on the surface of microcrystals, the inversion stage, and the
moderate adsorption in the interior of the microcrystal, The study showed that equilibrium
time is 6 hours, and The slight difference between adsorption capacity of the Zeolite
toward lead, zinc from single- and multicomponent solutions may testify to individual
sorption centers of the zeolite for each metal. The maximum sorption capacity toward pb2+
is determined as 33.89 mg/g at an equilibrium concentration of 261.07 mg/L and toward
Zn+2 as 29.18 mg/g at 309.818 mg/L. Langmuir and Freundlich Adsorption Isotherms
were used to evaluate natural zeolite adsorption performance for Lead, Zinc. These
Isotherms were able to provide suitable fit with experimental data, the factor R2 ranged
between 0.95 – 0.99, with better fit to Langmuir Isotherm.
The changes in coefficient of distribution of lead and cupper has been studied in
system with two phases, liquid water contaminated with lead and copper-solid (natural
Phosphate of Syria) correlation of the following factors: Time of mixing phases,
size of the
developed steel ,change the values of PH ,concentration of elemental lead and
concentration of element capper ,the concentration of calcium as a competitor to the
occupation of sites available on the solid phase, the ratio V\m presents the water phase size
on the mass of phase ,the Percentage removal of lead from aqueous samples prepared in
the laboratory91,57-99,95% were the best conditions for a vast proportion removed can be
summarized as follows:
PH=[6,63-10,11], Time of mixing phases =60 minutes and V/m=1000.
The Percentage removal of copper from aqueous samples prepared in the
laboratory 95,27 -99,96 % were the best conditions for a vast proportion removed can be
summarized as follows:
PH= [7,89-11,01] , Time of mixing phases =60 minutes and V/m=1000.
Ideal conditions have been applied that were obtained according to laboratory tests
on water samples from industrial input to Banias refinery and water samples from
industrial drainage to Syrian company for oil transport after Removal for lead was(
100%,99 %). Removal for copper was( 100%,98 %) .
This study aims to use the ash formed from the burning of firewood and the different
pruning residues to remove the hardness of water
Soda ash was characterized using different techniques, including XRD,flame
spectroscopy , volume titration and ot
hers.
These methods aim to determine the composition of the ash and the components
which are contributing to the removal process.
The optimum mixing time was determined using certain amount of soda ash to the
hard water and the water hardness was determined in the rang of time (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and
5h) where the ideal time was 3 hours.
The removal ratios were determined when the mixing time of the two phases was 3
h, and adding directly the following quantities of ash (0.5,1,2,3,5,7,10,15,20,25) g to 200
ml of highly hardened water. The removal rate was increased by increasing the amount of
added ash. The removal rate was approximately 50% when 1 g of ash was used and the
complete removal rate of 100% was achieved when the amount of ash was 25 g.
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