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Field Performance of Three Rodenticides in Controlling the Libyan Jirdm Meriones libycus in Syria

الأداء الحقلي لثلاثة من مبيدات القوارض في مكافحة الجرذ الليبي libycus Meriones في سورية

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 Publication date 2006
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Field trails were conducted in February, 2005 to evaluate the field performance of three rodenticides in controlling colonies of the Libyan Jird, Meriones libycus at semi arid lands east to Damascus and Homs cities. 2% Zinc Phosphide wheat baits, 0.005% Brodifacoum ready to use baits and Aluminum Phosphide (Fumigant) were tested. The active burrows were treated by inserting ten grams of the poisoned baits or by one tablet (3g) of Aluminume Phosphide. The efficacy of treatments was calculated depending on the number of active burrows before and after treatment. Obvious reduction in burrowing activity was registered in Zinc Phosphide, Brodifacoum, Aluminume Phosphide treatments; 95.9%, 91.9% and 81.9% respectively, in comparison to 18.5% in the untreated control. The difference between Zinc Phosphide and Aluminume Phosphide efficacy was not significant, while it was significant between these two rodenticides and Brodifacoum. Symptoms of direct poisoning were observed on mammalian predators in the study area after 24 hours of Zinc Phosphide treatment, indicating serious damage to the non target species of rodents' natural enemies in spite of the high potency of this acute rodenticide. The results suggest that inserting one gram only of Zinc Phosphide baits in each active burrow, seems to be adequate to achieve high rate of efficacy against the Libyan jird in comparison to the efficacy achieved when 10 grams were inserted.


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Research summary
تُقيّم هذه الدراسة فعالية ثلاثة مبيدات قوارض في مكافحة مستعمرات الجرد الليبي (Meriones libycus) في الأراضي شبه القاحلة شرق مدينتي دمشق وحمص في سوريا. تم اختبار طُعم القمح المسمم بفوسفيد الزنك بنسبة 2%، وطُعم جاهز للاستخدام يحتوي على 0.005% من مادة بروديفاكوم، وأقراص فوسفيد الألومنيوم (كمبيد دخاني). تم معالجة الجحور النشطة بإدخال عشرة جرامات من الطُعم المسمم أو قرص واحد (3 جرام) من فوسفيد الألومنيوم. تم حساب فعالية المعالجات بناءً على عدد الجحور النشطة قبل وبعد المعالجة. أظهرت النتائج انخفاضًا واضحًا في نشاط الجحور بنسبة 95.9% لفوسفيد الزنك، و91.9% لبروديفاكوم، و81.9% لفوسفيد الألومنيوم، مقارنةً بنسبة 18.5% في المجموعة غير المعالجة. لم يكن هناك فرق كبير بين فعالية فوسفيد الزنك وفوسفيد الألومنيوم، بينما كان هناك فرق كبير بين هذين المبيدين وبروديفاكوم. لوحظت أعراض التسمم المباشر على الحيوانات المفترسة في المنطقة بعد 24 ساعة من معالجة فوسفيد الزنك، مما يشير إلى ضرر كبير على الأنواع غير المستهدفة من أعداء القوارض الطبيعية. تشير النتائج إلى أن إدخال جرام واحد فقط من طُعم فوسفيد الزنك في كل جحر نشط يبدو كافيًا لتحقيق معدل فعالية عالٍ ضد الجرد الليبي مقارنةً بالفعالية المحققة عند إدخال 10 جرامات.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تقدم هذه الدراسة معلومات قيمة حول فعالية ثلاثة مبيدات قوارض في مكافحة الجرد الليبي، ولكن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى الآثار البيئية السلبية لاستخدام هذه المبيدات، خاصة فوسفيد الزنك الذي أظهر تأثيرات سلبية على الحيوانات المفترسة غير المستهدفة. كان من الأفضل تضمين توصيات حول كيفية تقليل هذه الآثار الجانبية. ثانياً، لم يتم مناقشة تكلفة هذه المبيدات ومدى توفرها في السوق، وهو جانب مهم للمزارعين وصناع القرار. أخيرًا، كان من الممكن تقديم مزيد من التفاصيل حول طرق التطبيق والجرعات المثلى لكل مبيد لتحقيق أفضل النتائج بفعالية وأمان.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي المبيدات الثلاثة التي تم اختبارها في الدراسة؟

    تم اختبار طُعم القمح المسمم بفوسفيد الزنك بنسبة 2%، وطُعم جاهز للاستخدام يحتوي على 0.005% من مادة بروديفاكوم، وأقراص فوسفيد الألومنيوم (كمبيد دخاني).

  2. ما هي نسبة الفعالية لفوسفيد الزنك في تقليل نشاط الجحور؟

    نسبة الفعالية لفوسفيد الزنك في تقليل نشاط الجحور كانت 95.9%.

  3. ما هي الأعراض التي لوحظت على الحيوانات المفترسة بعد استخدام فوسفيد الزنك؟

    لوحظت أعراض التسمم المباشر على الحيوانات المفترسة في المنطقة بعد 24 ساعة من معالجة فوسفيد الزنك.

  4. هل كان هناك فرق كبير في الفعالية بين فوسفيد الزنك وفوسفيد الألومنيوم؟

    لم يكن هناك فرق كبير بين فعالية فوسفيد الزنك وفوسفيد الألومنيوم.


References used
Abu Laban, N. (1999). The Ecology of Some Rodents in Azraq Wetland Reserve, with a Special Reference to Some Abundant Species. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Jordan. Amman. 182p
Amr, Z. S., Abu Baker, M. and Rifai, L. (2004). Mammals of Jordan. Denisia, 14: 437-465
Atallah, S. I. (1978). Mammals of the Eastern Mediterranean Region; their Ecology, Systematics and zoogeographical relationships. -Säugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 26(1), 1-50, München
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