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Register a new userParticipatory Urban Planning and Design - Lessons Learnt from Germany for Post-War Urbanism in Syria
التشاركية في التخطيط المديني و التصميم الدروس المستقاة من التجربة الألمانية في التخطيط لمرحلة ما بعد الحرب في سورية
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غسان البدوان( باحث )
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تتعلق هذه الورقة البحثية بصنع و اعتماد قرار المشاركة و عملية التنظيم من وجهة النظرة الناقدة للمناهج و الأدوات المطبقة و التجارب الحديثة في هذا المجال في ألمانيا، و بشكل خاص في مدينة برلين، المدينة التي يرتبط بها الباحث خاصة بمجال البحث العلمي و العمل الجامعي بعلاقة عميقة، و قد رافق التطورات في هذا الاتجاه من وجهة النظر العلمية في السنوات العشر الماضية. لقد بدأ منهج المشاركة الأهلية في مدينة برلين/جمهورية ألمانيا الاتحادية منذ سبعينيات القرن الماضي و قد استمرت و تطورت هذه التجربة إلى يومنا هذا، حيث يتيح للقاطنين من خلال المشاركة في عملية التطوير و البناء المراقبة المتواصلة لسير عملية التطوير و البناء. في سياق هذه التجربة يطرح السؤال المهم: من يشارك في اتخاذ القرار و كيف يكون شكل هذه المشاركة ؟ لقد طورت الجهات المختصة في مدينة برلين كتيباً و أدوات بخصوص طرائق و أساليب و مناهج المشاركة الأهلية، و التي تعرض و تناقش و تقيم في هذه الورقة و يختار هنا أحد التجارب الناجحة في هذا المجال و التي استخدمت فيها بعض الأدوات، التي ساهمت في نجاح التجربة في مدينة برلين و لقد تعرضت الورقة لعرض و تحليل هذه التجربة. و يعطي البحث نظرة في إمكانية استخدام أدوات التنظيم المديني و التصميم في سياق الحالة السورية في مجال إعادة الإعمار.
This paper deals with participatory decision making and planning processes. It critically looks at methods and tools that are practiced currently in Germany and in particular in the city of Berlin, where the author has close relationship to and has studied in depth the Berlin experience made during the past decades. The process of public involvement that started in the 1970ies in Berlin and in the Federal Republic of Germany (BRD) is going to be monitored continiously. Focus is laid on the discourse on whom and how when to involve. Meanwhile the city of Berlin has developed a handbook on public participation that is briefly presented and assessed in this paper. Selected best practice cases where certain tools have been successfully applied in Berlin will be presented and analysed. This paper is meant to enlarge the knowledge about state of the art dicourse on participatory urban planning, design and implementation and gives a brief outlook on replicability of instruments for participatory urban planning and design in the Syrian context.
References used
AUSTERIASOCIETY OFDEVELOPMENTAND SOCIETY, The public participation manual, 2007
BECKER, H. FRANKE,TH>LOER,R.P. Socially Integrative City Programme- An Encouraging Three-Year Appraisal, German Institute of Urban Affairs, Berlin 2002
LEY, A. and WEITZ, L.(eds): Praxis Bürgerbeteiligung, einMethodenhandbuch, Agenda Transfer Bonn 2003
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The research paper is focussed on an important topic for architects and
urban planners dealing with sustainable urban environment and
architecture.
The focus of the research is laid on comparative studies of two German
examples: The Federal Institution of Environment „Umweltbundesamt“ in
Dessau and the Eco-Settlement (Kronsberg) in Hannover.
comprehensive planning process for projects and private investment in residential
areas and Accessories form One of the main components of the urban planning process to
guide the processes of growth and urbanization away from the emergence of forms
of
growth that’s wrong, and that may be deposited in hazardous and disaster-prone areas.
Since the disaster management imperative of sustainable development in all economic,
social, political and environmental aspects of factors, it was a must for this administration
to be at the heart of all national planning processes and in particular urban planning. As a
result, search arrive at a unified model to collect basic realism and results for all the
infrastructure and service activities of information, as well as to develop a matrix to
identify and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the areas required to be studied
according to the classification of all the data required and events urban.
أدركت الكثير من الدول المتقدمة أهمية المشروعات الصغيرة، في دعم الاقتصاد الوطني فوضعت
لها استراتيجية شاملة لتجعل منها الحجر الأساس في البناء الاقتصادي للبلد. كما أنها أجادت توظيف واستغلال هذه المشروعات في تغذية المشروعات الكبرى بالمنتجات الصغيرة والو
سيطة.
أما بالنسبة لموضع في سورية فقد عانى الاقتصاد السوري من مشاكل عديدة تمثلت في مجموعة من القضايا الاقتصادية التي شكلت بمجملها مجموع العوائق التي ساهمت في الحد من تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، كان أهمها البطالة بكافة أنواعها، حيث لم يسمح نطاق الإنتاج والأساليب الفنية للإنتاج باستيعاب فائض عرض قوة العمل.
The modern techniques of the information systems are considered as one of the most
important tools, that most institutions, bodies and organizations working in the areas of
planning and future development are seeking to use as effective analytical
and technical
tools for collecting and analyzing the vast amount of spatial and descriptive information
and the data of the human and natural phenomena, for both planners or decision-makers, at
the various stages of the planning process to cope with the urgent urban problems in
addition to supporting the completion of development plans in record time and high
quality, and reduce waste in energies and resources.
In this context, the research displays the advanced analytical techniques and tool, and
their role in whole planning processes, and identifies the methods of application of GIS
systems as the most efficient and widely used system in the fields of urban planning and
land use, and in developmental decisions support. Also, the research presents a practical
model for the distribution of tasks within the departments and institutions involved in the
planning, to introduce the information systems in their work, and highlights the most
important obstacles that may face the use of those systems.
The study comes up with a number of conclusions and recommendations for the
potential application of advanced techniques and avoiding obstacles, which directly
contribute to raising the efficiency and effectiveness of planning processes, and
improving the planning process management.
Russian-Iranian relations began crystallize and expand significantly after the
end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, but
these relations seemed cautious in the beginning, despite the existence of
common interests
between both countries represented to strengthen Iran's
military and economic capabilities, Russia considered as a supportive partner
in this field, in addition to nuclear cooperation where Russia was the only
country that has not been subject to pressure from the United States and
accepted the signing of the contract for the establishment of the Iranian
nuclear reactor, In contrast, Russia has considered these relationships an
opportunity to improve its economy, which suffered a strong tremor after the
disintegration of the Soviet Union.
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