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Register a new userNegative Sentence in some of Semitic Languages Comparative linguistic Study
الجملة المنفية في بعض اللغات السامية دراسة لغوية مقارنة
2018
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Tishreen University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2017
fields
Literature
and research's language is
العربية
Authors
سميرة الراهب( باحث )
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Shamra Editor
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ينعقد هذا البحث لتحليل مقارن للجملة المنفية في اللغات السامية الأكادية و العبرية و الأوغاريتية و العربية انطلاقاً من الاستخدام اللغوي في قوانين حمورابي، و سفر التكوين، و ملحمة أقهات، و القرآن الكريم؛ و ذلك باستقراء هذه النصوص و تتبع حالات التوافق و الاختلاف في الوظائف النحوية لأدوات النفي. فانتظمت الفقرات فيه موضحة أثر هذه الأدوات في المعنى الزمني للتركيب النحوي من خلال نفي الجملة الاسمية، و نفي الجملة الفعلية، و النفي القطعي (المطلق)، و خصائص (لا) و (إن) أقدم الأدوات النافية في هذه اللغات. و هذا الاستقراء جعل البحث يعرض لأحوال الجملة المنفية من حيث الرتبة و الحذف، و يشير إلى العلاقات النحوية بينالنفي و الاستثناء، و بين النفي و الاستفهام، و بين النفي و الإثبات، و ينبه أيضاً إلى التغييرات الصوتية في أدوات النفي. ينتهي البحث إلى أن الدراسة اللغوية للجملة هي من متون اللغة لا بدراسة مفهوم الجملة كما وردت في مصنفات النحو العربي أو السامي، و أن هذه الدراسة تقدم تفسيرات علمية في قضايا و مسائل صوتية و صرفية و نحوية، فتنقل الباحث إلى ميادين رحبة في مجال التحليل اللغوي للتراكيب في الجملة السامية.
This research aims at offering a comparative analysis of the “negative sentence” in the Semitic languages, Akkadian, Hebrew, Ugaritic and Arabic. The research proceeds from the linguistic use in Hamorabi's legislations, The Genesis, The Holy Quran, and The myth of Aqhat. The method used was examining these texts, following up the cases of agreement and disagreement in the syntactical functions of the negative particles. I tried in to clarify the effect of these particles in the time-meaning of the syntactical structure through the negative case of the nominal sentence, verbal sentence, and absolute negative. Then I presented the features of NOT, the oldest negative particle in these languages. This examination allowed the research to survey the cases of the negative sentence in the light of order and apocopation. It refers to the relation between exception and negative, negative and interrogation, negative and confirmation. It draws attention to the phonetic changes in the negative particles. As a conclusion the research states the linguistic study of the negative sentence is of the basic body of the language. It does not suffice to study the concept of the sentence as it is mentioned in the books of Arabic or Semitic syntax. The research proves that the comparative Semitic study endeavors to deep root the linguistic semantic study of the particles. It presents scientific explanation in phonetic, syntactical and morphological cases. The researcher is ushered to a wider space in the field of linguistic analysis of the structures in the Semitic sentence.
References used
Aistleitner, J. wÖrterbuch der UgaritischenSprache, Berlin, 1963
Borger, R., BabylonischAssyrischeLesestucke, Roma, 1979
Gordon,C.H.,Ugaritic textbook, 3 vols, Grammar, Glossary and Indices, text in transliteratio,Roma,1965
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