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Negative Sentence in some of Semitic Languages Comparative linguistic Study

الجملة المنفية في بعض اللغات السامية دراسة لغوية مقارنة

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 Publication date 2017
  fields Literature
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This research aims at offering a comparative analysis of the “negative sentence” in the Semitic languages, Akkadian, Hebrew, Ugaritic and Arabic. The research proceeds from the linguistic use in Hamorabi's legislations, The Genesis, The Holy Quran, and The myth of Aqhat. The method used was examining these texts, following up the cases of agreement and disagreement in the syntactical functions of the negative particles. I tried in to clarify the effect of these particles in the time-meaning of the syntactical structure through the negative case of the nominal sentence, verbal sentence, and absolute negative. Then I presented the features of NOT, the oldest negative particle in these languages. This examination allowed the research to survey the cases of the negative sentence in the light of order and apocopation. It refers to the relation between exception and negative, negative and interrogation, negative and confirmation. It draws attention to the phonetic changes in the negative particles. As a conclusion the research states the linguistic study of the negative sentence is of the basic body of the language. It does not suffice to study the concept of the sentence as it is mentioned in the books of Arabic or Semitic syntax. The research proves that the comparative Semitic study endeavors to deep root the linguistic semantic study of the particles. It presents scientific explanation in phonetic, syntactical and morphological cases. The researcher is ushered to a wider space in the field of linguistic analysis of the structures in the Semitic sentence.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
يتناول البحث تحليلًا مقارنًا للجملة المنفية في اللغات السامية الأكادية والعبرية والأوغاريتية والعربية. يعتمد البحث على نصوص من قوانين حمورابي، وسفر التكوين، وملحمة أقهات، والقرآن الكريم. يركز البحث على أدوات النفي وتأثيرها على المعنى الزمني للجملة، سواء كانت اسمية أو فعلية، ويستعرض خصائص الأدوات النافية مثل (لا) و(إن). يتناول البحث أيضًا العلاقات النحوية بين النفي والاستثناء، والنفي والاستفهام، والنفي والإثبات، بالإضافة إلى التغييرات الصوتية في أدوات النفي. يستنتج البحث أن دراسة الجملة المنفية هي جزء أساسي من دراسة اللغة، ويقدم تفسيرات علمية في القضايا الصوتية والصرفية والنحوية، مما يفتح آفاقًا واسعة في مجال التحليل اللغوي للتراكيب في الجملة السامية.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: على الرغم من أن البحث يقدم تحليلًا شاملاً ومقارنًا للجملة المنفية في اللغات السامية، إلا أنه يمكن أن يُنتقد لعدة أسباب. أولاً، التركيز الكبير على النصوص القديمة قد يحد من تطبيق النتائج على الاستخدامات الحديثة لهذه اللغات. ثانيًا، البحث لم يتناول بشكل كافٍ تأثير السياقات الثقافية والاجتماعية على استخدام أدوات النفي. ثالثًا، كان من الممكن أن يكون هناك تحليل أعمق للتغييرات الصوتية وتأثيرها على المعنى. وأخيرًا، كان من الممكن أن يستفيد البحث من تضمين مقارنة مع لغات سامية أخرى غير مذكورة في الدراسة لتعزيز النتائج.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي اللغات السامية التي تناولها البحث في تحليله للجملة المنفية؟

    تناول البحث اللغات السامية الأكادية والعبرية والأوغاريتية والعربية.

  2. ما هي النصوص التي اعتمد عليها البحث في تحليل الجملة المنفية؟

    اعتمد البحث على نصوص من قوانين حمورابي، وسفر التكوين، وملحمة أقهات، والقرآن الكريم.

  3. ما هي الأدوات النافية التي ركز عليها البحث في اللغات السامية؟

    ركز البحث على الأدوات النافية مثل (لا) و(إن) في اللغات السامية.

  4. ما هي العلاقات النحوية التي استعرضها البحث بين النفي وعناصر أخرى في الجملة؟

    استعرض البحث العلاقات النحوية بين النفي والاستثناء، والنفي والاستفهام، والنفي والإثبات.


References used
Aistleitner, J. wÖrterbuch der UgaritischenSprache, Berlin, 1963
Borger, R., BabylonischAssyrischeLesestucke, Roma, 1979
Gordon,C.H.,Ugaritic textbook, 3 vols, Grammar, Glossary and Indices, text in transliteratio,Roma,1965
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