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Register a new userEvaluation of the efficiency of some insecticides in controlingl of almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali End, (Eurytomidae - Hymenoptera) in Homs province
تقييم كفاءة بعض المبيدات في مكافحة حشرة دبور ثمار اللوز (Eurytoma amygdale (Eurytomidae-Hymenoptera في محافظة حمص
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2012
fields
Plant Protecion
and research's language is
العربية
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Shamra Editor
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قُيمت كفاءة خمسة مبيدات حشرية في مكافحة دبور ثمار اللوز في قرية الفحيلة - محافظة حمـص و المبيدات هي كونكورد سوبر، كاراتي زيون، زينيت، لنتراك، ديسيس 50 ، و ذلك لعامي 2009 و 2010 . تبين من خلال التحليل الإحصائي للبيانات أن للمبيدات تأثيراً معنوياً في نسبة الإصـابة إذْ كانـت نـسبة الإصابة بعد الرش بمبيد كونكورد سوبر الأقل في عام 2009 (66.2 %) في حين وصلت نسبة الإصـابة في الشاهد إلى (39 %) أما في عام 2010 فقد كانت نسبة الإصابة أقل بعد الرش بمبيد كـاراتي زيـون (66.2 %) و وصلت في الشاهد إلى (40%). وجد من خلال الدراسة الاقتصادية للمبيدات أن مبيد كونكورد سوبر هو من أفضل المبيدات الممكن استخدامها في مكافحة دبور ثمار اللوز بسبب ارتفاع قيمـة الـوفر (2.5832) ل.س من الإنتاج نتيجة استخدام هذا المبيد و انخفاض تكاليف استخدامه، و كان مبيـد كـاراتي زيون المبيد الأقل وفراً بين المبيدات كلّها (4.5525) ل.س.
Five insecticides were evaluated for controlling of almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali, the study was carried out at Al Fhaila – Homs. The insecticides were Concord super, Karate zeon, Zenith, Lentrek and Desis 50.The results indicated that insecticides affected significantly the infestation, Concord super caused the lowest infestation (2.66%) compared with the control (39%) in (2009). In 2010, Karate zeon caused the lowest infestation (2.66%) where it was (40%) in the control. The economic analysis indicated that Concord super was the best because of its lowest cost and highest saving money in secticide (5832.2) Sp., but Karate zeon was the least money-saving insechcide (5525.4) Sp.
References used
Mentjelos, J. and Atjemis, A. (1970). Studies on the biology and control of Eurytoma amygdali in Greece.Journal of Economic Entomology.63. 1934- 1936
Katsoyannos, B. I.; Koulossis, N. A.; Bassiliou, A. (1992). Monitoring populations of the almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali, with sex pheromone traps and other means،and optimal timing of chemical control Entomol.exp. appl. 62:9-16
Plaut, H. N; Ruben, D. (1994). Implications, in the control of Eurytoma amygdali, of absorption and translocation of phosphamidon in the almond fruit. Journal of Economic Entomology. 87:1823-1827
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The proteins of larvae, pupae and adults (females, males) of almond seed
wasp Eurytoma amygdali -Eurytomidae, were extracted and electro -
pHoresied on polyacrylamide gel.
Results showed clear differences in the quality of proteins between larvae,
pupae and adults. The accumulation of proteins started in the initial stage of
larva and increased clearly in the second stage with a continuation in the first
stage of pupa, but mostly absent with the progress of the pupa in a lifetime. It
was observed that there were differences between the proteins found in females
from those in males by showing the presence of a protein when the females
from the age of one day and continued its existence until the age of 7 days and
this protein was essential in the formation of the yolk of ovocytes.
Almond seed wasp Eurytoma amygdali . End is a serious pest on
almond orchards which causes an economic losses in production.
This study was carried out for the morphological description of the
male stages of this pest (larva, pupa and adult) using
stereomicroscope and Scanning Electron Microscope.
This search carried out to study the effect of treatment with some fungicides
(mancozeb + metalaxyl - M, chlorothalonil ،azoxystrobin and mancozeb) in
control late blight (Phytophthora infestans Mont.) on potato va. Spunta and
yield in homs during
two seasons 2008 and 2009. The results showed that the
use of a mixture of fungicides (mancozeb + metalaxyl - M) gave the superior
efficacy in controlling the disease during two seasons compared with other
treatments. The percentage of effect (74.32% and 57.24%) during 2008 and
2009, respectively. While, the fungicides (mancozeb) gave the lowest effect in
controlling the disease during two seasons, where as the percentage of effect
(31.95% and 40%), respectively. Recorded results showed that spray of potato
plant with tested fungicides increase the yield compared with untreated plants.
The mixture fungicides (mancozeb + metalaxyl-M) increase in yield (35.55%
and 32.285) during 2008 and 2009, at respectively. We can arrange the tested
fungicides according to their the efficacy in controlling the disease and in
increase the yield such as following: mancozeb +metalaxyl-M> chlorothalonil>
azoxystrobin> mancozeb.
The study aimed at evaluating and studying the economic efficiency of farms fattening
sheep in Homs during the period (2008-2013), where the study was conducted on a sample of
25 farms, the average number of sheep, where about 25 head of Awas, by c
alculating the costs
and revenues, and using some of the economic indicators, where The results showed the
following:The average revenue before the crisis to about 3743138 sp , and during the crisis to
about 690525 sp.The average cost of producing 1 kg of gross weight of the animal for 195 sp
before the crisis , and about 334 sp during the crisis .The average annual net profit before the
crisis to about 427017 sp, and during the crisis to about 543224 sp.The average net profit
margin before the crisis has reached about 38%, and during the crisis, about 24.6%, and
reached average income per unit spending (rate of return simplex) before the crisis about 1.6
/unit spending, and about 1.4 /unit spending during the crisis. The average Profitability
Coefficient for the capital invested by the crisis reached about 106.3%, and about 69.7 %
during the crisis, but for the average coefficient profitability for the pre-crisis production costs
have reached about 61.8%, and 39.5% during the crisis, the average time of the restoration of
the invested capital before the crisis reached about 1.7 years, about 2.8 years during the crisis.
The study also demonstrated an outbreak many of the mistakes common among farmers like to
use the same combination of feed during the grow-out period and the lack of commitment by
giving vaccines and not making Aldrees and silage and fodder buy most of the black market,
which makes farmers vulnerable to the monopoly of the merchants. Which requires urgent
intervention and more effective in order to expand the production of red meat, and to be
covered by the development plans of the state, and work to protect the sheep of the country and
prevent smuggling and to provide support and encouragement necessary for farmers to practice
their profession fattening, especially after the reluctance of some of them for this the
profession during the crisis, and working to educate farmers on the need to use methods of
fattening more economically feasible, and conducting all necessary for the development of this
important productive sector.
The research was conducted in Al- Mokhtaria Research
Station, Agricultural Research Center, Homs, Syria during season
2016. The efficacy of some plant extracts (Melia azedarach L.,
Schinus molle L., Styrax officinalis L., Eucalyptus camaldulensis
De., Nerium oleander L.) were tested against Stephanitis pyri F.
(Tingidae: Heteroptera) and compared with traditional insecticides
(Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos Ethel).
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