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Using of the PCR method for Identification of Leishmania tropica in Syria

ستخدام تقنية PCR للكشف عن الليشمانيا المدارية في سورية

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 Publication date 2011
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Leishmaniasis spreads in eighty-eight countries, including the Syrian Arab Republic. This disease is caused by a protozoic parasite of the genus Leishmania. Twenty-two species of leishmania were reported to be pathogenic for human. The disease is presented in three clinical forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. A set of methods for diagnosis and identifying the type of parasite have been developed in order to give appropriate treatment. These methods include isoenzyme analysis, serological and immunological methods and DNA hybridization. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using genomic or kinetoplastid DNA; provides an excellent tool for diagnosis and characterization of leishmania species. In this work, the two types of DNA were extracted in one step from cultured isolates taken from patients. We have used kinetoplastid DNA and specific primers to determine parasite species by PCR. These primers amplify species specific fragment. In this study, we have determined that the causative species of the cutaneous leishmaniasis in all patients was L.tropica.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تناولت الدراسة استخدام تقنية تفاعل البوليميراز المتسلسل (PCR) لتحديد نوع طفيلي الليشمانيا المسبب لداء الليشمانيات الجلدي في سوريا. الليشمانيا هي طفيليات أولية تسبب أمراضًا متعددة الأشكال السريرية، منها الجلدي، المخاطي الجلدي، والحشوي. تم استخراج نوعين من الحمض النووي (DNA) من عينات مأخوذة من مرضى مصابين، واستخدام الحمض النووي الكينيتوبلاستي ومجموعة من البادئات الخاصة لتحديد نوع الطفيلي. أظهرت النتائج أن النوع المسبب لداء الليشمانيات الجلدي في جميع المرضى هو L. tropica. هذه الدراسة تسلط الضوء على فعالية تقنية PCR في التشخيص الدقيق والسريع لأنواع الليشمانيا، مما يسهم في تقديم العلاج المناسب للمرضى.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة مهمة للغاية في مجال تشخيص داء الليشمانيات، حيث تقدم تقنية PCR كأداة فعالة ودقيقة لتحديد نوع الطفيلي. ومع ذلك، هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، كان من الأفضل تضمين عدد أكبر من العينات من مناطق مختلفة في سوريا للحصول على صورة أكثر شمولية. ثانيًا، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى التحديات المحتملة في استخدام تقنية PCR في البيئات ذات الموارد المحدودة. وأخيرًا، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر قوة إذا تم مقارنة نتائج PCR مع تقنيات تشخيصية أخرى مثل الفحص المجهري أو الاختبارات السيرولوجية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الأنواع السريرية لداء الليشمانيات المذكورة في الدراسة؟

    الأنواع السريرية لداء الليشمانيات المذكورة هي الجلدي، المخاطي الجلدي، والحشوي.

  2. ما هي التقنية المستخدمة في الدراسة لتحديد نوع طفيلي الليشمانيا؟

    التقنية المستخدمة هي تفاعل البوليميراز المتسلسل (PCR).

  3. ما هو النوع المسبب لداء الليشمانيات الجلدي في المرضى الذين شملتهم الدراسة؟

    النوع المسبب هو L. tropica.

  4. ما هي الفائدة الرئيسية لاستخدام تقنية PCR في تشخيص الليشمانيا؟

    الفائدة الرئيسية هي التشخيص الدقيق والسريع لأنواع الليشمانيا، مما يسهم في تقديم العلاج المناسب.


References used
Alborzi, A., Pouladfar, G. R., Fakhar, M., Motazedian, M. H., Hatam, G. R. and Kadivar, M. R. (2008). Isolation of Leishmania tropica from a patient with visceral leishmaniasis and disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis, southern Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79, 435-7
Alexander, J., Satoskar, A. R. and Russell, D. G. (1999). Leishmania species: models of intracellular parasitism. J Cell Sci 112 Pt 18, 2993-3002
Aljeboori, T. I. and Evans, D. A. (1980a). Leishmania spp. in Iraq. Electrophoretic isoenzyme patterns. I. Visceral leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 74, 169-77
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The parasitic antigens are of great interest in immune responses and in the strategies for developing vaccines. The aim of this study was to identify the major antigens which are expressed in the two leishmania tropica stages, promastigote & amast igote, employing the western blot analysis using the sera collected from mice immunized with the above mentioned parasite stages' total protein.
Kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (KMP-11), a protein present in all kinetoplastid protozoa studied up to date, is considered a potential vaccine candidate for Leishmaniasis. Such vaccine molecules must be expressed in amastigotes which represent t he infective forms for mammals, while promastigotes are the flagellate forms found in the insect hosts. However, the expression of KMP-11 in amastigotes is still a subject of controversy. In this study, a strain of L. tropica was isolated, cultivated, and genotyped. The expression of KMP-11 gene in this strain was evaluated in promastigotes and in amastigotes by RT-PCR using specific primer pairs. The results proved the presence of mRNA of KMP-11 in both promastigotes and amastigotes forms of L. tropica. The expression of this molecule in amastigotes is consistent with the previously demonstrated immunoprotective capacity of KMP-11 DNA vaccine as well as the presence of humoral and cellular immune responses against KMP-11 in Leishmania-infected animals.
The aim of this work was determining the role of Protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway in apoptosis of Leishmania tropica promastigotes, through studying effects of PKC specific inhibitor Staurosporine (STS) on the parasite. Our results showed that treated L. tropica with Staurosporine was enough to inhibit PKC pathway completely, while viability test showed that the concentration of STS to inhibit cell growth by 50% (IC50 = 2.146μM).
A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was used to detect infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in the commercial broiler flocks in Syria. 50 tissue samples were taken from tracheal tissue, trachea and kidney of the broil ers suspected of infectious bronchitis (IB) from different governorates of Syria i.e. Latakia, Tartous, Hama and Damascus countryside. RNA was extracted directly from the tissue samples and then RNA was converted to cDNA by RT-PCR technology; PCR reaction and Nested PCR interaction were carried out sequentially. The primers used in the RT-PCR reaction were selected from the S1 gene (spike), where mutations of the virus genome were concentrated in this region (the hypervariable region). Some positive samples (10) were injected at an age of 9-11 days old SPFEE-specific pathogen free embryonated eggs according to the methods adopted in virology. This research was carried out at the laboratories of Latakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, in cooperation with the PCR laboratory at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Hama. The results showed the existence of 37 positive case for RT-PCR (74%), and the infectious embryos showed clear and characteristic anatomical lesions of the infectious bronchitis virus after 5-6 days post injection, delayed and undeveloped fetal (dwarfism), fingertip entanglement and hemorrhage compared with the negative control. The results also showed the sensitivity and speed of the RT-PCR test in the detection of the IBV virus.
The leishmaniasis is a serious health problem in Syria, due to the wide spreading of Leishmania tropica parasite , the difficulty of controlling the reservoirs of parasites, and there is no specific ,safe and active therapy .Due to lack of studies of Leishmania tropica genome , as initial step we detect the presence of SW3 gene.
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