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Management of water demand according to the criteria of efficiency

إدارة الطلب على المياه وفق مؤشرات الكفاءة

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 Publication date 2013
  fields Agrarian Economy
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Syria suffers from severe water deficiency that will worsen in the future due to limited water resources and increasing demand for water, especially in agriculture. Syrian water resources, available from various sources, are estimated by 14.6 billion cubic kilometers, while the estimated demand for water in 2010 was about 14.09 billion cubic meters, it will rise to about 17 billion cubic meters in 2020 recording a water gap estimated at 5 billion cubic meters. In order to bridge this gap it was necessary to work on managing the demand on water according to the criteria of efficiency and rationalization of the use of water. Indeed, results showed that drip irrigation saves a proportion in the amount of water used per hectare up to more than 50%, achieving efficiency up to 85% compared with 59% efficiency for flood irrigation.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تناقش الورقة البحثية مشكلة نقص المياه في سوريا، والتي من المتوقع أن تتفاقم في المستقبل بسبب محدودية الموارد المائية وزيادة الطلب على المياه، خصوصاً في الزراعة. تقدر الموارد المائية المتاحة في سوريا بنحو 14.6 مليار متر مكعب، بينما بلغ الطلب على المياه في عام 2010 نحو 14.09 مليار متر مكعب، ومن المتوقع أن يرتفع إلى 17 مليار متر مكعب في عام 2020، مما يخلق فجوة مائية تقدر بنحو 5 مليار متر مكعب. تهدف الدراسة إلى إدارة الطلب على المياه وفق معايير الكفاءة وترشيد استخدام المياه. أظهرت النتائج أن الري بالتنقيط يوفر أكثر من 50% من كمية المياه المستخدمة للهكتار الواحد مقارنة بالري بالغمر، محققاً كفاءة تصل إلى 85% مقارنة بـ 59% للري بالغمر. كما تناولت الدراسة أهمية الثقافة المائية للفلاحين ودور الوحدات الإرشادية في توعيتهم بطرق وأساليب الري الحديثة. خلصت الدراسة إلى ضرورة تعميم الري بالتنقيط على جميع الحقول الزراعية وإنشاء صندوق مالي لتمويله بدون فوائد، بالإضافة إلى تكثيف العمل على تطوير ثقافة الفلاحين المائية وتطبيق المنهج التشاركي في إدارة الموارد المائية.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر الدراسة مهمة جداً في تسليط الضوء على مشكلة نقص المياه في سوريا والحلول الممكنة للتعامل معها. ومع ذلك، هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، الدراسة تعتمد بشكل كبير على البيانات المتاحة من عام 2010، وكان من الأفضل تحديث البيانات لتكون أكثر حداثة. ثانياً، بينما تركز الدراسة على الري بالتنقيط كحل رئيسي، كان من الممكن استكشاف تقنيات أخرى للري وتقييم فعاليتها. ثالثاً، الدراسة تفتقر إلى تحليل اقتصادي شامل لتكاليف وفوائد تطبيق تقنيات الري الحديثة على نطاق واسع. وأخيراً، كان من الممكن توسيع نطاق الدراسة ليشمل مناطق أخرى في سوريا بدلاً من التركيز فقط على منطقة اللاذقية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الفجوة المائية المتوقعة في سوريا بحلول عام 2020؟

    من المتوقع أن تصل الفجوة المائية في سوريا إلى نحو 5 مليار متر مكعب بحلول عام 2020.

  2. ما هي كفاءة الري بالتنقيط مقارنة بالري بالغمر؟

    الري بالتنقيط يحقق كفاءة تصل إلى 85% مقارنة بـ 59% للري بالغمر.

  3. ما هي الأسباب الرئيسية لتأخير الفلاحين في التحول إلى نظام الري بالتنقيط؟

    الأسباب الرئيسية تشمل عدم توفر الإمكانيات المادية، التعود على الري بالغمر، والإجراءات البيروقراطية للحصول على القروض.

  4. ما هي التوصيات الرئيسية التي خلصت إليها الدراسة؟

    توصيات الدراسة تشمل تعميم الري بالتنقيط على جميع الحقول الزراعية، إنشاء صندوق مالي لتمويل الري بالتنقيط بدون فوائد، تكثيف العمل على تطوير ثقافة الفلاحين المائية، وتطبيق المنهج التشاركي في إدارة الموارد المائية.


References used
المجموعة الإحصائية الزراعية السنوية لعام 2008, الجدول 156.
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