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Register a new userA Chemical study of Avocado Seed
دراسة كيميائية لثمار و بذور الأفوكادو
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رامز محمد( باحث )
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يهدف البحث إلى دراسة ثمار و بذور الأفوكادو، من حيث التركيب الكيميائي، و من حيث خواص الزيت المستخلص منها و مقارنتها مع ثمار و بذور زيتية أخرى . أظهرت النتائج أن نسبة الزيت في الثمار قد وصلتْ إلى حدود (12.4%) ، أما بذور الأفوكادو فقد احتوت على نسبة متدنية منَ الزيت تصل إلى (1.92 %) فقط من مجمل وزن البذور الجاف , و بلغت قيمة رقم حموضة عينات زيت الثمار البذور على التوالي (1.62 , 4.3 مغ KoH/غ زيت) و بلغ رقم البيروكسيد حدوداً منخفضة مقارنةً بباقي الزيوت (3.71 ، 2.2 ميللمكافئ /O2 كغ) في عينات زيت ثمار و بذور الأفوكادو على التوالي , و بلغ الرقم اليودي (45.78 غ يود/غرام) في زيت البذور و وصل إلى حدود (84- 77) غ يود/100غ ) في زيت ثمار الأفوكادو, و بينت النتائج أن أغلب الأحماض الدهنية الداخلة في تركيب زيت الثمار، هي أحماض دهنية غير مشبعة، إذ بلغت نسبتها ما يقارب (77.77% و 57.45%) ، بينما بلغت نسبة تلك الأحماض الأخرى المشبعة حدود (21.77% و 42.54%) فقط في زيت الثمار و البذور على الترتيب , كما بينت النتائج أن بذور الأفوكادو تحتوي على (52.5 %) رطوبة و على (7.45% ) ألياف خام , (8.53%) سكريات ذائبة، (4.69%) بروتين ، (2.34%) رماد ، و بلغت نسبة النشا حدوداً مرتفعة (59.3%) على أساس الوزن الجاف.
This research was aimed to study a gross chemical composition of Avocado fruits and seeds, and to known physicochemical characteristics of its oil, and its fatly acid composition. The data indicated that its fruits contained (12.4%) oil , while seeds contained lower amounts of oil which reached (1.92%) dry weight basis , and the moisture content of seeds reached (%52.5) , and acid value reached ( 1.6and4.3 mg KOH/g) at fruit and seed oils respectively , Avocado fruits oil contained (77.77%) unsaturated fatly acid , and (21.77%) saturated , and iodine value obtained in our study ( 77-84 g I/100 g) of fruits oil and ( 45.78 g I/100 g) of seeds oil confirming the unsaturated nature of these oils. Also Avocado fruits and seeds oil possessed a low peroxide value comparison others (3.71 , 2.2 Meq/kg oil) respectively , The data also indicated that its seeds contained (52.5%) moisture , (7.45%) grude fibers ,(8.53%) sugars , (4.69%) pure protein , (2.34%) ash , and high percentage of starch (59.3%) dry weight basis .
References used
AURAND, L. W. WOODS, A. E. and WELLS, M. R . Food composition and analysis. Published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.1987, 665 pp
FAO, Dietary fats and oils in human nutrition. Repot of FAO Expert committee, Food and Nutrition paper No. 3. 1977, ROME: Food and Agriculture Organization
KUMAR, S., GIOSWAMI, A. K., and SHARMA, T. R. Evaluation of oil from olives grown in Himachal Pradesh . J. Food sci. Technol. 1986. 23: 239- 40
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Adding the sifting meals of the Avocado seed to wheat flour mixtures caused
increasing in folowing percentages of components: (moisture , fibers , ash , starch and total
soluble sugars )
Also the (5,10%) percentages adding caused a slight reducing
in gluten quality ,
while a reducing in gluten quality was clearly at (15 , 20%) percentages.
Also the adding of tested meals caused improvement in baking quality (loaf weight
during baking and during cooling) , also improvement the sensory properties of produced
bread significantly , except (20%) percentage comparing with control sample.
Finally , 15 and 20 percentages , only of Avocado seed meals adding caused
reducing in taste property of produced bread.
During the fine-tuning phase of transfer learning, the pretrained vocabulary remains unchanged, while model parameters are updated. The vocabulary generated based on the pretrained data is suboptimal for downstream data when domain discrepancy exists
. We propose to consider the vocabulary as an optimizable parameter, allowing us to update the vocabulary by expanding it with domain specific vocabulary based on a tokenization statistic. Furthermore, we preserve the embeddings of the added words from overfitting to downstream data by utilizing knowledge learned from a pretrained language model with a regularization term. Our method achieved consistent performance improvements on diverse domains (i.e., biomedical, computer science, news, and reviews).
A morphological , anatomical and chemical study was carried out on Salvia viridis
L. (Lamiaceae) . The results showed presence of two types of trichomes :
- Glandular hairs with four or eight celled globular heads or with oval heads .
- Eglandular
hairs which are unicellular or multicellular , in addition to presence of
candle shaped eglandular hairs .
The palynological study revealed that the pollen grains were prolate and they had six
germination lines , exine appeared reticulate .
The extraction of volatile oils have been done by dry evaporation using GC/MS
technique , chromatographic analysis of these extracts have showed the presence of
complex of carboxylic acids , hydrocarbons , terpenes , esters and aldehydes .
Terebinth trees have been occupying a good part of the mount of Syrian
(abed elaziz, pelass). The Pistacia atlantica fruit, rich in oil, is used by local
inhabitants in many ways, few studies investigation of the P. atlantica fruit oil
of Syria ha
s been carried out,This study investigates the protein, ash, crude oil
and oil composition of P. atlantica with respect to total phenol, iodine value and
saponification value, in order to classify it among the other known edible oils
thenafter compare the oil composition with the oils of other Pistacia species.
The fruit of P.atlantica appears to be rich in oil. The major fatty acid in the
sample studied are oleic, linoleic, our results show that. The oil has a higher
content of unsaturated FA (oleic + linoleic = 72%). The oil can be classified as
an oleo-linoleic vegetable oil. The biochemical data showed an elevated MUFA
content (50-48%) which may constitute an important property against certain
pathologies for its nutritional and preventive virtues.
The study was conducted on 32 male rabbits, given two doses of
emulsion powder fenugreek seeds (750 ,1500 mg / kg) by mouth.
The research included changes in body weight and testes, sperm density
and the proportion of natural and distorted living
sperm, the level of
serum testosterone, and histological changes in the testis and
epididymis.
The result shows that givingfenugreek seeds powder in a moderate dose
of 750 mg / kg, was not associated clear negative changes, and the
results were approachedto the control group .
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